ROLE OF MASS COMMUNICATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY

ABSTRACT

Topic: The role of Mass Communication in the Developing Countries, The Nigerian Case. If there have been problems politically, socially and economically in the third world countries, this problem could be attributed to communication gaps between people who are expected to be in constant contract to make two ends meet. The communication gap which has been causing problems all due to the fact that mass communication in developing countries are termed nothing some times that could be done without. But it is a blatant lie.

This work is expected to show the important roles mass communication can play towards a developing nation. A further insight into the study will reveal the problem associated with this communication, process in Nigeria as it affect all other developing countries of the world.

Our first chapter treats the objectives of the research and what mass communication is all about, furthermore the research question and research hypothesis, assumption and limitation of the study.

Chapter 2 treats roles mass communication has been playing in the developing of these developing countries of which Nigeria is one. This chapter equally identifies those factors, which can help mass communication achieve its developmental roles. And finally in this chapter the problems or limitation associated with mass communication in Nigeria were identified.

In chapter 3, the research produce and methodology used were stated. Also measuring instrument and expected results.

In chapter 4, the analysis and presentation of the data collected was shown.

Finally in the last chapter, recommendation and conclusion were made based on the outcome of the project research.

 

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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INFLUENCE OF MEDIA OWNERSHIP ON PROFESSIONALISM

ABSTRACT

 

This project is based on the theoretical and practical study of the media ownership on professionalism. In this work, I revaluate the two types of the media-that is, government ownership and private ownership (Minaji System Television Obosi and Nigerian Television Authority Enugu) with a view to recommending a more effective ownership that is, the type of ownership that is geared towards attaining professionalism in media operations.

Professionalism in media operation could be achieved by properly training and motivating media practitioners. The ownership pattern of our media goes a long way in determining the rate of professionalism in media operation. Different chapter of this talks more on this topic.

In summary, media ownership i.e. government or private could be of help in boosting the rate of professionalism by setting out media polices and ethics that will guide the journalists or media practitioners in their duties.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                                   1

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
• STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM 6
• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 7
• RESEARCH QUESTION 7
• RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 8
• CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION10
• ASSUMPTIONS 11
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 12

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE                      14

• SOURCES OF LITERAATURE 14
• SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW 20

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY                                               22

• RESEARCH METHOD 22
• RESEARCH DESIGN 23
• RESEARCH SAMPLE 23
• MEASURING INSTRUMENT 23
• DATA COLLECTION 23
• DATA ANALYSIS 23
• EXPECTED RESULTS 25

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

• DATA ANYALYSIS 26
• DATA ANALYSIS 26
• RESULTS 33

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS

• SUMMARY 38
• RECOMMENDATIONS 39

REFERENCE                                                      47

APPENDIX

 

 

                                               CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF STUDY

From its inception, in the pre-independence era, the electronic media

Industry had been established to cater for the pleasure of entertaining and information the colonial masters and its subjects. It is noteworthy that apart from providing entertainment for colonial masters and their subjects, the existed as a vital tools in running the day to day activities of government.

In 1977, following the decision of the Federal Military Government to take over all the Television Stations in the country, later, Anambra Broadcasting Co-operation outfit became what is now known as Nigerian Television Authority (NTA Channel 8 Enugu) Enugu State. NTA Channel 8 Enugu, Broadcast on the vision high frequency (VHF) spectrum from its Independent Layout Studio, and it has a 295-metre mast a lokilowatts solid-state digital transmitter at the Abor hills in Udi, Local Government Area of Enugu, Enugu State. It has the State of the Art facilities and studio. It covers thirteen State of the Federation.

This early arrangement market the beginning of dependency of these media stations on government, which as a result affected their function and independence.

The management of NTA Channel 8 Enugu, a government owned media and others like it, till date, still thinks that it is their legitimate function to project and served as the mouth piece of the government. This is because as the saying goes that “he who pays the piper-dictates the tune” NTA Enugu always slick to the dictates of the government in power if it must survive. Since its concept of freedom of disseminating information, has been mortgage by the financial dependency of these media on government it does not broadcast anti-government news. Rather it is often supportive of the government initiatives and various mobilization campaigns by sleeting and emphasizing these campaigns in the news. At times it goes further to do special reports to highlight problem areas for government attention.

Apart from the colonial set-up in the history of ownership, Ownership of Mass Media in the Federal Republic of Nigeria has been facilitated by the Nigeria constitution. In the Nigerian constitution, section 36, sub sections 1-3 put it thus “It provide for everyone the right to establish and operate any opinions, provided that only government at the federal and state level or other person or body authorized by the president shall be outfitted to establish or operate a wireless broadcast medium. And in 1992, the then Military Head of State, General Ibrahim Badamosi Babanigida promulgated a decree allowing private individual participation in the ownership of electronic media.

 

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traditional institutions as instruments for rural developement

 

Abstract

 

This research work is an attempt to examine the prospects and part played by traditional rulers in community development in Awomama. The objectives of the study are targeted at finding out the community development projects carried out, and assessing the extent of traditional rulers involvement in community development. In the course of the research, four hundred questionnaires were administered based on cluster sampling techniques, where the districts were grouped into smaller unit covering the study area. In the end, the study discovered that traditional rulers in Awomama indeed participated in community development projects. The research came up with some recommendations, through which an effective development will be carried out in Awomama.

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

 

• Background of the Study

 

The role of traditional institutions such as traditional rulers, Town

 

Unions or community association Age grades, the Umuada and women

 

Development groups in Nigeria with the particular reference Awomama,

 

Orlu East in Imo State. This institutions and agencies act as instrument for coordinating various social-economic activities within such a society and between it and other aims traditional institutions have been social agents as well as mass mobilization facilitators in various communities in Nigeria. Traditional rulers more often than not, negatively affects the development effort of the people. Traditional institutions should be working cooperatively and collaboratively, and not as cross purposes each

 

2

 

 

of the institutions should confine itself within its area of influence, so that their effort towards the development of their area could be optionally utilized. The traditional institution should be people centered and development Oriented in their mission and vision.

 

Historical reflection often points to the immutable fact that before the advent of Europeans in Nigeria. The various ethnic groups such as Igbo people, Hausa people and Yoruba people had various strategies for organizing the public affairs of their people as well as ensuring progress and development in their respective areas. There were traditional institutions through which public affairs of the people were organized. In

 

Igbo land the traditional institution are the Umuadas, the Age grades, traditional rulers and Town Union.

 

The  Umuada’s

 

In the pre-colonial era, among the Igbo people women were held sacred and they participated in collective decisions making on certain sensitive issues that touched on their interest. They do this through an

 

institutional group known as Otu Umuada members the Otu Umuada’s were dynamic, powerful and were well respected by their communities

 

they were at times regarded by some guardians of the village traditions the

 

Umuada’s often intervened onwheneverofthevillagewerethe con violated and they impose sanction on offenders.

 

The Age Grades

 

 

The age grades are a very important organ of social structure especially in our traditional Nigerian communities. The formation and membership of an age grade is much revered activity. It is a Universal social institution that is highly appreciated by various communities. Over the years age grades in different communities have distinguished themselves in performing such roles that aim at enhancing the socio economic life of the people. They help in such traditional functions as maintenance of I am and order, settlement of disputes between warning members. Constructions and maintenance of roads and markets, ensuring the cleanliness of local streams and above all, protecting their communities from external aggression.

 

The age grades system is very strong, non- resident community members cannot avoid going home periodically to participate in the activities of their age grades.

 

Traditional Rulers

 

The word traditional rulers “entail th titled ruler vested with that activity to rule over a people in their affairs of

 

life therefore traditional institutions are headed by traditional rulers and these institutions are very vital in bringing development closer to the rural people. Traditional have succeeded in boosting community development through the provisions of bore holders, rural roads, formation of co-operative societies, setting up markets, constructions of culverts, constructions of earth dams, mobilizing people for health programmes and

 

residing disputes within their domains. Traditional rulers are the major people provided; they are answerable to a title ruler vested with the authority of governing the affairs of the people.

 

Town Unions

 

The tempo reached its crescendo in Igbo land after the civil war when almost all, public facilities such as markets town halls I maternity homes, dispend same and schools were all damaged as a result of the war because of their well known flair for providing amentias for themselves out of communal funds, all these people started from the 1970 to rebuild their schools, health facilities, markets etc. the town union because very necessary for rural development because the people were neglected by the government the town unions are to disseminate information about government policies, mould public opinion, raise fund, expand and extend the utilities, undertake and encourage group farming activities and also help in the maintenance of law and order.

 

These are to signify how effective the traditional instructions work for the development of the society.

 

• Statement Of Research Problem

 

The traditional institutions in Awomama, Orlu East in Imo State,

 

knowing well of their role and expectations in their area of jurisdiction most often deviate from these roles and expectation which brings about change and usher the community into development. For example instead

 

of the traditional institutions to focus on the needs of the people such as provisions of schools, good reads, pipe borne water etc they do not do it rather deviate if from and think about themselves and their own agenda which do not bring about…

 

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TELEVISION AS A POSTIVE CONTRIBUTOR TO THE SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN

 

ABSTRACT

In times past, a great deal of research has been carried out at various levels in the impact of Television on the socialization process of children in several parts of the world by mass communication scholars

Contrary what is regarded as the norms, this present study is specifically addressing itself to the positive contribution made by television on the socialization process of children.

In obtaining a scientific conclusion, the research method adopted was the multi-staged sampling techniques and systematic random number were adopted in sample selection. With data collection through the questionnaire method presentation, coding and analysis the researchers found that the result of this study gave credence to the fact that the television is a positive contributor to the socialization of children more especially when supervised by parents

It is therefore recommended in this study that parents should pay particular attention to what children watch and the national Broadcasting commission (NBC) should regulate the kind and times of procreated, especially for children.

In addition, any future replication of the study should be carried out at the national level as to ensure a more national spread and applicability since this a closed circuit study

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

• Statement of the problem
• Significance of the study
• Objective of the study
• Research questions
• Research hypothesis
• Definition of terms
• Scope and limitations

CHAPTER TWO

• LITERATURE REVIEW
  • Summary of literature review
  • References

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology

3.1     Measuring instrument

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Presentation and analysis of data

4.1     Summary

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Conclusions

• Recommendations
• Bibliography
• Questionnaire

HYPOTHESES

 

Hi:     Children who watch approved television features experience positive socialization

Ho:    Children who watch all television programmes experience negative socialization

Hi:     Children who watch television programmes too often way not develop good interpersonal relationship

Ho:    Children who seldom watch television programmes develops good interpersonal relationship

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION.

The effect of television on the audience especially in children have seen the subject of a great deal of research and have for need out to be a matter of deep concern ever since the shift expansion of television in the 1950s. new intervention and innovations such as cable networks, the internet shop screens, in recent times, have further complicated the issue because children have at their disposal all sort of movies and musical programmes to select from at will.

A general motion strongly held by observers and analyze alike shows clearly that despite the medium tremendous impact on education, information and entertainment, the viewers most times run the risk of being transformed into a violent generation thereby producing sex maniacs and monsters who generally assume a wrapped standard of conduct, rape and use of foul languages including notorious western habits were pat of the social vices that have formed the lives of these children as a result of indiscriminate television viewing. It was noted that “Children have the capacity to give themselves over completely to the world created by the pictorial media. Such intense involvement often leads to strong emotional responses.

In times past, experiments have been carried out aimed at observing and measuring behaviors of the audience after watching a programme. In 1974, some experts were able, through their laboratory experiments to show that their exists a positive causal relationship between watching violent portrays on television and levels of aggressiveness in individuals viewers.

A look at all these researcher, students and experiment would clearly reveal that the scholar are basically interested in looking at television as a positive contributor to the socialization of the children in the audience…

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