THE IMPACT OF ADVERTISING IN A CORPORATE ORGANIZATION(A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC A PROJECT WORK PRESENTED)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

For proper understanding and perception of this work, it will be wise to trace the historical background of the bank under case study which is first Bank of Nigeria Limited, in line with background of uses of advertising .

Founded in 1894 by a shipping magnate from Liverpool, Air, Alfred Jones, the bank commenced as a small operation in the office of Elder Dumpster and company in Lagos State. It was in Cor-porated as a limited liability company on march 31^st, 1894 with head office in Liverpool. It started business under the corporate name of the bank for British west African (BBWA) with a paid- up capital of 12,000 pounds sterling after absorbing its predecessor, the African Banking Corporation, which was established in 1892. due to the impressive growth they worked closely with the colonial government in performing the tradition function of a central bank such as issue of species in the west African sub- region.

To justify its west African coverage, a branch was opened in Accra, Gold Coat Ghana in 1896 and another in free town, sierra-Leone in 1899. These mark the Genesis of the bank’s operations. The second branch of the Bank in Nigeria in was in the old calabar of cross – river State in 1990 and two years later, services were extended to Nigeria, with a network of 315 branches opened throughout the branch network in the industry.

To satisfy the needs and services of its customers, first Bank of Nigeria has diversified into a wide range of banking activities and services. These include corporate and retail banking, Registration trusteeship and insurance brokerage. To take advantage on several restructuring initiatives. In 1957, it changed its name from bank of British west Africa to bank of West Africa.

In 1964, the bank was incorporated locally as the standard bank of Nigeria limited in line with the companies decree of 1968. changes in the name of the bank also occurred in 1979 and 1991, to first Bank of Nigeria limited and first Bank of Nigeria PLC respectively. In 1985, the bank introduced a decentralized structure with five regional administrations.

This was reconfigured in 1992 to enhance the bank’s operational efficiency in 1996, the bank introduced the FBN century II project to revolutionary its operations in line with the dynamic of the environment. The bank has continued to be leader in financing long term investments in the economy, which was demonstrated in 1947, when the first long- time loan was advanced to the colonial government . To demonstrate its commitment to its customers and the development of the Nigeria economy, the bank has since broadcast its loan and credit portfolios to various sectors of the economy.

The bank has tremendously judging from a number of parameters including number of branches, growth in deposit base, asset size and size of loans and advances.

BACKGROUND OF ADVERTISING

Advertising is not a new activity of modern industrialism but an ancient practices that goes back to the very beginning of recorded history. The diggings of a choreologists in the countries rimming the mediate area sea have turned up evidence of the use of sign to announce various events and offers. The Romans painted walls to announce forth coming gladiatorial contests and Phoenicians painted murals on prominent rocks along trade routes extolling the wares they sold, a precursor of modern out door advertising . In pomepeil, w wall has been found praising a politician and asking for the people’s vote.

Another early form of the people’s advertising was the use of town cries . In Greece during the  Golden age, town criers were paid to circulate messages through the streets of Athens announcing the sales of stores, cattle’s and other goods as well as making public announcements.

An early singing commercials used in ancient Athens went as follows “for eyes that shinning, for checks like the dawn, beauty that last after girl hood is gone, for prices in reason, the woman who knows will buy her cosmetics of Aschypothes”. These town criers were the forerunner of radio as an advertising medium and the car louder speakers used by the modern political candidates.

The third early form of advertising was the mark placed by artisans on their individuals good such as pottery. As the reputation of particular artisan spread through word of mouth, buyers began to look for his distinctive mark just as trade marks and brand names are used today. They would pay a premium, for example, Osnabruck linen was carefully controlled for quality and commanded a price 20 percent higher than that of other westphalian linens, as production became more centralized and markets became more distant the mark or identifying name took on more significance.

The turning point in the history of advertising was in 1450, the year counter berry invented the printing press. No longer did advertisers have to produce extra copies of sign by hand. The first know printed advertisement in the English language appeared in 1478. starting in 1622, an important new medium gave advertising a substantial forward push namely the first English newspaper, the weekly news. Later, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele published the tellers and become devotes of advertising, Addison included this advice to copywriters.

The art of writing advertising is the finding out the method to catch the reader, without when a good thing may pass unobserved or be lost among commissions of bankrupts “ the September 14, 1710, issue of the tatter contained competitive advert for razor stops and patent medicine attempting to convince the readers of the products super entry over competing products.

Advertising had its greatest growth in the united states rather than English, Benjamin Franklin is often called the father of American becoming the cradle of advertising . first America industry led in the mechanization of production, which created surpluses and the need to convince the consumers to buy more. Second the development of fine network of water ways, highways and roads made the transportation of goods and advertising media to the countryside feasible.

Third, the establishment in 1813 of compulsory public education led to the decline of illiteracy and the growth of newspaper and magazine. The invention of radio and later television created two more amazing media for the dissemination of advertising.

 

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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 A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE FRCN AND THE ESBS RADIOS ENUGU AGRICULTURAL COMMUNICATION PROGRAMMES OF SHEEP AND GOAT KEEPING PRACTICE ON THE AMECHI AND UGWUAJI SHEEP AND GOAT KEEPERS IN ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Sheep and goat are ruminant animals that bring back food from their stomachs and chew them again. The rearing of sheep and goat is called sheep and goat keeping. The rearing of sheep and goat can be discussed on their purposes, the breeds and the origin, the management system, the feeds and feeding, the breeding system up to the time of kidding, healthcare in addition to control and prevention of diseases . The main purposes of rearing sheep and goat are either for the meat or income or religious ceremonies and festivities or getting their droppings to serve as a farm yard manure for the plants, or hides and skins for leather works, wool or even for gifts or milk production. Anyanwu et al (1998:168, and 169) therefore emphasized that

 

Goat and [sheep] are mainly kept in the tropics for meat production… few breeds have a fairly good ability for milk production. In the temperate zones… goats and [sheep] are kept mainly for milk production…meat, hair, and skin production are secondary to milk production.

Reasoning along the same line of Anyanwu et al, Carles (1983:56) maintained, “there are a total of five major products from sheep-meat, wool, milk, skins and manure”.

        There are many breeds of sheep and goat that thrive effectively in all parts of the world. We have the American breed, the Arabian breed, the European breed, and the African breeds. In Nigeria, we have the sheep and goat that can thrive effectively

either in the forest region or the swampy forest region or the savannah region of the country.

In Enugu state and other forest belt, the West African dwarf breed is common among goats. They are short-legged, very hardy with good meat quality. Such breeds are resistant to trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness. They are relatively small in size and can produce twins and tripplings.  

        In the North, we have the Sokoto Red, Kano Brown, Bornu white while for the sheep, we have the long-legged black sheep that have little resistance to trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness. They are the Uda, the Balami, the Yankasa that are relatively large in size, long-legged.

Anyanwu (pp. 170-171), however, subdivided all [sheep] and goat into two: the breeds found in the tropics to include- the West African Dwarf…the Hejazi of Arabic and the Moxoto of Pernambuco… the Cutch… the Sapel…the Jumnapari and Surti.

 the temperate breeds to include-the Anglo Nubian…the British Saanen…the Toggen-burg…the Angora and the Kashmeri

 The sheep and goat breeds existing in communities are the West African dwarf goat while that of sheep are the long-legged huge ones. Anyanwu (p.169) revealed that the

         …Domestic goat started life at the Asian mountain…but

have undergone changes depending on the environment

and the purpose to which improvement is directed.

       

For Carles (p.6), the origin and the likely area of large scale sheep production is in the “subtropical area… of Middle East (Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syrian)”

        The management system of sheep and goat could be the free range or the extensive system whereby the animals are left to roam about and feed themselves. In this system, the rearer does not care for adequate feed, housing among others. This system is, however, practised where there are abundant grazing land or pastures for the animals. During farming season, this practice is not advisable since the farmers whose crops were destroyed may kill the goat and sheep. Moreover, this system may be open to thieves or wild carnivorous animals, like lions, pythons and hyenas among others.

        There is also the tethering or the semi-intensive management system whereby sheep and goat are tied with long ropes to poles or pegs in the bush to graze on the pastures. Some supplemental feedings such as kitchen wastes, peeled human food or meals can be given to the animals. It is advisable to hide them in the homes in the night or during rainfall. This is practised where there is much pressure on the land or during the planting season.

        The intensive system of management is where the sheep and goat are usually confined in houses or pens. Such houses are built with roof, dwarf walls, sand or concrete floors. In a better built houses, it is good to keep the animals on a raised slated platform with crossbars so that they can be lying on them free from their droppings or dung and urines after feeding on the feeds on the bare concrete or earthen floor. The feeds may be tied on a rope or put in a manger while water will be kept away from the pens to prevent the animals from excreting on them. This system facilitates the easy cleaning of the pen. However, the rearer provides all the feeding requirements to the animals. Anyanwu (p.173) had aptly summarised these three systems of management of keeping sheep and goat to be “(a) tethering (b) semi-stall feeding (c) herding or fencing”.

        The feeds and feedings of sheep and goat are comparably inexpensive to other ruminant animals. The animals feed on roughages such as legumes, crop residues, grasses, kitchen wastes, peels and chaffs of human foods.  Supplements such as groundnut cake, palm kernel cake, cotton seed cake, cotton seed and growers’ dried grains are necessary for the provision of both proteins, energy and vitamins to the animals. Some commercially prepared ruminant supplements are marketed within Enugu state and environs which the UGWUAJI and AMECHI sheep and goat rearers can buy at a cheap price. Pregnant and nursing ewe (female sheep) and doe (female goat) need adequate and balanced roughages as well as supplements. Water, more especially clean water is desirable at all seasons. The lamb of the female sheep or the kid of the female goat may not be fed with the roughages, concentrates or supplements immediately. They are usually given the mothers’ milk until at a particular age, they are fed with a particular quantity and quality of feeds and feeding hence Anyanwu (p.174) stressed, “the art and practice of feeding animals take into consideration the age and the type of animals fed”.

        Goat and sheep breed throughout the year. The lambs and the kids mature between 6-10 months for both sexes.  Some of the animals mature within 8-10 months but breeding that are allowed from 8-12 months before mating or crossbreeding usually develop fully, more especially the females.  In choosing the breed to rear, people do that based on the physical appearance of the group, birth weight, the rate of the animals’ growth, the multiple birthing ability of the pedigree or the parent stock.  The doe (female goat) or the ewe (female sheep) are mated when they are on heat period or need mating which lasts from1-2 days.  It comes again after three (3) weeks.  The signs of being on heat are restlessness, mounting of other animals, standing still when mounted by the males.

        Successful coition results in pregnancy or gestation that lasts from 145-153 days depending on the stock. Signs of gestation are the enlargements of the udder (breast), refusal to be mounted by the male animals, the enlargement of the vulva (vaginal opening).  During the pregnancy period, adequate feeding is required.  As soon as parturition or labour or the female animals are about to deliver their young, adequate cleaning of the pens and disinfecting the pens are necessary.  The lamb (young sheep) or the kidding (young goat) are weaned at 4-6 months when the ewe or the doe stop given their young their milk.  Young males are castrated at 1-4 weeks where necessary to control sex ratio and check indiscriminate mating of the females.  The female goat or doe usually kid three or more times in two (2) years with either one or two or three young per birth depending on the breeding stock. The female sheep or ewe lambs accordingly like the female goat or doe.

        The common diseases of sheep and goat are diarrhoea, sleeping sickness, worms, pneumonia and body parasites. The signs of illness are loss of appetite, abnormal pulse, rise in temperature, constipation or too much hard excreta, diarrhoea, difficulty or noisy breathing or coughing, dull looking, starring look, standing apart from others, foreign eyes or discharges, loss of age or weight, emaciation.

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THE IMPACT OF THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE ENUGU)

 

ABSTRACT

 

The Enugu state broadcasting service (ESBS), Enugu like other electronic media in Nigeria has been carrying out its communicating function of informing educating, entertaining, persuading and public enlightenment, advertising and other social programmes to the people of Enugu state and beyond. In this study I employed the social scientific methods of questionnaire survey and indepth interview method to draw inference to my work.

The work is divided into five chapters. Chapter one introduced the electronic media and the guide on handling the topic including the significance rational of the study. The chapter two had literature review which x-rayed the summary of related literature review. Chapter three explained the research methodology used to study the topic. The research, which included the questionnaire and survey method and interview. Chapter four shows the data presentation and summary of result finding which are made relevant to research question. Chapter five finally handle the discussion, implication, recommendation, discussion and conclusion.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

 

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction
• Background of study
• statement of the research problem
• the objective or purpose of the study
• the scope of delimitation of the study
• research questions
• significance/rational of the study
• Research hypotheses
• definition of terms
• theoretical frame work

 

chapter two

• review of literature
• concept of economic development
• History of electronic media in Nigeria
• summary of related reviewed literature

chapter three

3.o    research methodology

• Research question
• population of study
• sample and sampling procedure
• Instrument for data collection
• validation of the research instrument
• Reliability of the research instrument
• method of administration of the research instrument.
• data analysis

chapter four

• data presentation and result
  • demographic data presentation and  result
  • date presentation and result findings

chapter five

• conclusion and recommendation
  • Conclusion
  • Implication of result
  • Recommendation

Reference

Appendix

Questionnaire

Organigram of ESBS, Enugu.

 

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The electronic media which is the focus this study comprises the radio and television. The sophistication of these media of communication distinguished them as the wonders of modern communication.

Just as the twentieth century dawned, a system was perfected which electromatnetic impulse could be sent through the air without wires carrying voice transmission over long distance.

Electronic media are the machinery or an institution used for simultaneous transmission of information to a wide and divergent audience. Although the electronic media are channel for which information is transmitted to the audience through the different types of media, yet they represent the attempt of man to relate to and interact with other men. It is clear to note that communication has been enhanced nationally and internationally with the use of technology. Mr. E.N. Aniabona in his contribution to the impact of broadcasting in a developing context has this to say about electronic media” Electronic media are powerful and effective instruments for achieving national goals such as widespread education for both children and adults in other to realize the set down objective in economic growth, healthcare, political and social awareness, political stability self reliance and national identify among other things”.

Electronic media are aimed at presenting programmes like news, drama, interview, health and family planning religious programmes and agricultural programmes.

The electronic media include the radio, the television and the Cinema. Our focus is on the radio, as the first source to which people tune to for the latest development in time of war or crises. We look on radio during announcement of annual budget by the head of the state governor, according to Gulgleime Marconic “Radio a potential means of supplementing telegraphy, the most important long distance communication medium of the late nineteenth century”. Radio was the most popular entertainment and news medium. To a degree, the radio receiver was the center of the home and family activities frequently revolved around the broadcast schedule. The average station schedule had something for everyone from news and commentary through variety and comedy, to religious discussion, sports and children’s programme.

 

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THE EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION OF THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN NIGERIA

 

ABSTRACT

The issue of elections media privatization has been in constant debate in Nigeria.

However, the last military Administration of president IBRAHIM Babangida took the bull by it’s horns when in 1992, the decree on privatization of media was promulgated.

It is to state the obvious, that privatization of electronic media will give room for competition leading to efficiency which has an over-all effect on improved content and quality of broadcast as presently witnessed in the young private television station at Obasi in Anambra state.

No doubt, the Nigeria economic standard has reached to the state where it must have alternative television and radio to build and maintain healthy growth and expansion of the enterprise.

This study is aimed at finding out the effects of privatization of electronic media i.e. Radio and Television, through library research method and direct interview survey method, targeting experts in Mass Communication, political scientists, practicing journalists, undergraduate, students of mass communication etc.

Considering the present economic state of the nation. These and more will remain the core of my study in this treatise. I will like to know the effect media on government owned and controlled media and the reactions of the experts, political scientists, practicing journalists and other enlightened audience on this new development.

Despite the various reasons advanced by monopolization of the apologists, the pressure for private participation and ownership of electronic broadcast media persisted and is now upheld.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Preface/ Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction
• History of electronic media in Nigeria
• Why government monopolized electronic media
• Statement of research problems
• Hypothesis
• Scope
• Purpose of the study
• The importance of research
• Definition of the terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Literature review

2.1     Summary of literature review

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology
• Research design
• Population of the study
• Data collection
• Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

• Introduction to data analysis
• Analyses of hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary of conclusion
• Recommendation
• Bibliography

References

Respondents

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     INTRODUCTION

          It is a common belief that mass media play unquantifiable roles in matters of public interests, public opinion and formation of attitude.

According to a study carried out in 1969 by Simpson Etal, on the “effectiveness of the mass media and other channels of communication in Lagos; they found that “radio proved to be the most effective means of communication information to the people living in Lagos, and that radio is significantly listened to by both the rich and the poor alike in Lagos, Nigeria.”

Many people have equally written to bare their minds on the media of electronic media in Nigeria.

In the light of these therefore, the effects of privatization of electronic media in Nigeria, should not be either over or under stressed. This is because, the privatization of the broadcast media no doubt have far reaching effects on both the people, and those engaged in the operation including the government.

Some of these effects are positive while some are negative. However, before discussing these effects, let us stress here that in any country where the media ownership and control are vested on either the government or group of individuals, the media tend to act as megaphones for these in control, instead of performing their primary functions of informing, educating and entertaining the masses. This situation has been the bare of most countries of the world, particularly, in the developing nations such as Nigeria.

In spite of the above assertion, the Nigerian government over the years has exclusively stuck to the ownership and control of the broadcast media; advancing some reasons for their action, chiefly among which are “national unity”, internal security and need for developmental journalism in the country.

Whatever, the public spirited efforts and mounting pressure by the exports and wealthy individual entrepreneurs (informed by the need for industrialization and commercialization of the media). Over the years on the authorities for wider dissemination of information, the federal government yielded to this noble idea and in 1992, under then military administration of president Ibrehim Badamosi Babangida, a decree was promulgated empowering private participation in the electronic media: radio and television precisely.

 

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THE IMPACT OF RADIO NIGERIA PIDGIN ENGLISH NEWS AND COMMENTARY PROGRAMMES ON THE ENUGU STATE AUDIENCE

ABSTRACT

This project work centers on the impact of radio Nigeria pidgin English news and commentary programmes on Enugu urban audience .

The study in aimed at finding out if pidgin English has made any impact on the resident of Enugu urban and whether or not they preferred news in pidgin English to news in standard English .

This work is divided into five chapters with each of chapter dealing explicitly with the issue at hand .

Table of contents

Title page

Approval

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction

1.2       Background of the study

• Statement of the problem
• Significances of the study.
• Research question.
• Conceptual and operation definition.
• Limitation of the study.

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature Review

2.1     Sources of literature

2.2     The review

CHAPTER THREE

• Methodology

3.1     Research design

3.2     Research sample / population

• Date collection

CHAPTER FOUR      

• Date analysis

4.1     First research question

4.2     Second research question

4.3     Third research question

• Interpretation and discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Summary and conclusion

5.2 Recommendation for further studies

Appendix

References

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Pidgin is a mode of speech that is not peculiar to native language, but which can be demonstrated to have developed from at least one’s such languages.

They are only a supplement of the categories of vernacular and standard English.

More so, one medium of communication which the modern man cannot imagine himself without is radio broadcast medium.

As soon as we wake up in the morning we want to know what the time is to make sure that we were keep to the day.

Before we finish our morning toilet the radio offer us a few tiredly pop song to cheers us up at that early hour of the day.

While eating our breakfast, we learn what happen at home and abroad , and what expected to happen today .

And before we lock the door to go to work , we overhear the whether report – so we had better return to take an umbrella .

The radio inform entertain comfort, talks and plays pleasant melodies for us at every hour of the day without disrupting our attention nor disturbing us while doing some manual work. On the contrary, household chore and cooking are done quicker when listening to radio .

If the book is said to be mints good friends it applies perhaps are more to the radio .

In all regions of the world, radio is to be the most ubiquitous of the mass media . Here in the developing countries, radio is said to be the only medium that can really be labeled “mass” , where a large proportion of the population can be reached by radio broadcasting and possess the means to receive them .

No other medium now has the potential; to reach so many people efficiently for information education cultural and entertainment purposes .

Radio can be used easily and economically to reach outlying regions for communication in many vernacular – often unwritten language existing in developing countries .

What is today known as the federal radio corporation of Nigeria [FRCN] started in 1932, when Britain launched its empire broadcasting experiment .

Lagos was selected as one of the centers for the reception and local re-broadcasting corporation [BBC] programmes. In 1937, the post and telecommunication department established a wireless station in Lagos to achieve this objectives.

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