Category Archives: mass communication project topics and materials for final year students

THE ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN BRAND BUILDING

THE ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN BRAND BUILDING

(CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY)

ABSTRACT

This study examines the role of advertising in brand building taking Nigeria Bottling CompanyPlc. as a case study. Four research questions were formulated, these are: how important is advertising to brand building? Are they any relationship between advertising and brand building? Is there any negative effect of advertising on an organization? What roles does advertising play in promotional strategy? In other to obtain data for the study, 50 questionnaires were administered which all were retrieved, and interviews were conducted among selected heads of departments. This was analyzed using simple percentage. This study found out that advertising is very vital in building one’s brand but with the right marketing mix. It also found out that advertising helps in increasing sales and very profitable in an organization.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   Background of the Study

There are numerous definition of advertising, there is no one generally accepted definition due to its wide nature.

For Albert Lasker, who has been labeled the father of modern advertising “Advertising is salesmanship in Print” he could be right based on the fact that he gave this definition when all adverts were in print. (Arems Williams 2009, Pg. 3)

Frank Jefkins (2007; Pg. 17) min his book “Advertising Made Simple”, says “advertising is the most persuasive possible selling message to the right prospects for the product or service at the lowest possible cost”.

OluFalemo (2007; Pg. 18), defined advertising as “mainly pad communication, the ultimate aim in which is to make the target audience form  a good image about a product or services and induce action beneficial to the advertiser in the form of sale or product or services”

For the purpose of this study however, advertising in my own words “is a form of communication for marketing which is used to encourage, persuade or manipulate on audience (viewers, readers, listeners, or sometimes a specific group) to continue to take some new action.

Advertising however, in this study would be considered to include all above the line and below the line advertising. Above the line advertising refers to: advertising exposed through the major media such as radio, television and billboards. On the other hand, below the line advertising has to do with advertising done on such thing as: bulletins, calendar, T-shirt, caps, gift item and other point of sales materials. (kieval J. kumar 2008 Pg. 117-120).

Advertising as defined by the advertising practitioners council of Nigeria (APCON) “is a form of communication through the media about product, services or ideas paid for by an identified sponsor withthe aim of imparting information about the product, services or opinion. (APCON, 2005; PP 17-20).

Advertising can be considered an institution within the social, ethnical, economic and legal environment. Some would argue that the institute exercises social control but has a social responsibility making people accept what advertising offers rather than giving the complete information on all that is available (David Schmer, 2002 Pg. 8). However, advertising’s purpose is to promotethe sale or use of goods and services.

The conception of brand has marked a turning point in business whether its regard as brands identify, brand equity, or brand loyalty (Hart and Murphy, 2008 pg. 12). The brand now places a first impression in the product market. It set what people consider and also determines whether the business will succeed or even fail. A brand therefore is the most important part of the business because the success of brand is identical to the business success.

A brand is not a product. It is more prominent than a product itself. It leads company in the way to differentiate product from competitors. The competition in specific direction is the key issue that brand is facing nowadays. Thus brand is a challenge for the company to become globally competitive in this globalization zone. (kafferer 2007, pg. 18).

In essence, it is safe to say a brand is a name or trademark connected with a product or producer. Brands have become increasingly important components of culture and the economy, now being described as “Cultural accessories and personal philosophies”.

A brand is a product, service or concept that is publicly distinguished from other products, services, or concept so that it can easily communicated and usually marketed. Branding is the process of creating and disseminating the brand name. Branding can be applied to the entire corporate identity as well as to individual product and service names.

For an organization to achieve its set target it must attempt to effectively manage the element of marketing mix, product, price, place and promotion activity is part of the communication elements (Michelle 2008, Pg 12). Advertising is intended to make the product known to the consumers. It is used to inform the consumers’ original impression about the product.

There is therefore an argent need for the manufacturer to centrally reveal what the people (consumer) want (product) how they want such a product or service. They are willing to buy such product.

1.2   STATEMENT TO THE PROBLEM

Advertising is one of the marketing mix, its primary purpose is the promotion of service or product values. But a number of questions have been raised as to its contribution to business growth. There has always been a raging controversy and contention as to whether advertising is an unnecessary cost or a value investment. Critics of advertising see it as an unavailable investment that yields no dividends, while the patron saints believe that it is a paramount tool of marketing as regards promotional strategy, which if well applied, could share up sales volume and increase profitably. (Josef 2000; Pg. 20).

In essence, this study intends to find out the link between

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN MEDIA CAMPAIGN ON HIV/AIDS ERADICATION IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF BBC WORLD SERVICE TRUST IN KANO METROPOLIS (HIV/AIDS PROJECT)

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN MEDIA CAMPAIGN ON HIV/AIDS ERADICATION IN NIGERIA
A CASE STUDY OF BBC WORLD SERVICE TRUST IN KANO METROPOLIS (HIV/AIDS PROJECT)

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Objective of the Study

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

Historical Background of BBC-WST

HIV/AIDS Campaign programmes of the BBC-WST in Nigeria

Historical of Kano state

Impact of the BBC-WST on HIV/AIDS Eradication Campaign in Kano.

Problem Faci ng the BBC-WST on HIV/AIDS Eradication Campaign in Kano State.

Possible solution to the Problem

Conclusion

References

Appendix

Recommendation


INTRODUCTION

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Aids) virus is a dangerous disease for human being, which rapidly growing in the world. It because the most concerned human disease these day all over the world.

 

The virus is very harmful and is have no cure. Someone contrast it into his blood cells. But the major concern about the virus contracting to human is how to manage and live a healthy life without stigmatization.

 

According to the avert research unit the first case of Aids in Nigeria was identified in 1986. since then, the federal Ministry of health has been carrying out a National Hiv/Syphilis Sentinel seroprevalence survey from 1991 in every two years to date.

 

The 2003 survey of the federal Ministry of Health, estimated that there were three million (3,300,000) and three hundred thousand adult loving with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, and one million nine hundred thousand (1,900,000) about 57% of these were women in the same year, the National HIV prevalence had dropped to 5% to 5.8% in 2001.

 

However, it fund that, state prevalence rates varied from as low as 1.2% in Osun state to as high as 12% in Cross River state. Overall of is of Nigeria’s 36 states had an HIV prevalence, over 5%. In 2005, it was estimated there were two hundred and twenty thousand (22000) death from AIDS and nine hundred and thirty thousand AIDs Orphans living in Nigeria. There has been an alarming increase in the number of HIV positive children, in recent years, 90% of whom contract the virus is from their mothers.

 

Currently, very few Nigerians have access to basic HIV/AIDS prevention, care support or treatment services such as Antiretroviral drugs and therapy (ARV/ART) in which provided by the National Antiretroviral programme. There are governmental and non governmental organisation (NGO`s) which provides such services to the victims of HIV/AIDS. Such as;

  • National Action Committee on Aids (NACA)
  • State Action Committee on Aids (saca)
  • Local Action Committee on Aids (LACA)

 

Those are the governmental outlets for HIV/AIDS eradication Committee in Nigeria. It varies from local government to the state, up to the federal level. Among the non-governmental organisation are

  • Society for Family Health (SFH)
  • International Centre for Sexual Reproductive Rights (INREESE).
  • United States Agency for international Development (USAID).
  • Department for international Development (DFID).
  • BBC World Service Trust (HIV/AIDS PROJECT) (BBC – WST).

 

Those are the few among others which are working towards the eradication of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. And at the same time they are working toward the sexual reproductive health as a process of eradicating the virus contract here in Nigeria and the World in general.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

According to the avert research 80% of HIV/AIDS infectionsin Nigeria are transmitted by intersexual sex. Factors contributing to this include the lack of knowledge and information about sexual reproductive health and HIV/AIDS issues. Low level of condom use is also contributing high level of sexual transmitted infections always make it easier for the virus to be transmitted.

 

Blood transfusion is also responsible for about 10% of all HIV infections. There is a high demand for blood because of road accidents blood loss from surgery and child birth or anemia from malaria. Its is also observed that the reason behind the persistent high rate of aids in Nigeria is as a result of knowledge among people even with the media campaigns on how eradicate the virus like the BBC-WST campaign. This informed the need for a study to assess the impact of the BBB-WST campaign project on HIV/AIDS eradication in

 

 

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS’ SATI STATION

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS’ SATI STATION  (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN AIRWAYS ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT

This study is aimed at pointing out the function of pubic relations officer in customer’s satisfaction in Nigeria Airways Enugu.

Research method: The data for this study were collected through questionnaire. Thereafter the data collected were analyzed using chi – square method (X2) =  (0  -e)

E

Which served to out qualitative characterizes  In the data into numerical form and relationships. The research finding the essentials of public relations officer in an establishment. The effect of public relations in promoting the image of an organization.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                      1

1.1        Background of the study                                     9

1.2        The objectives of Nigerian Airway                         10

1.3        Statement of research problem                            12

1.4        Objective of the study                                                 14

1.5        Significance of the study                                     15

1.6        Research questions                                             17

1.7        Research Hypothesis / Null Hypothesis                  17

1.8        Conceptual of Operational Definition                      18

1.9        Definition of terms Operational                             20

1.10    Assumptions                                                      21

1.11    Limitation of the study                                         22

CHAPTER TWO:

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1        The origin and concept public relations                 23

2.2        The place of public relation in an Organization                27

2.3        Publics                                                              31

2.4        Corporate Image                                                32

2.5        Social Responsibility                                            34

2.6        The pubic relations practitioner                            38

2.7        Summary of Literature review                              40

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                                    43

3.1        RESEARCH Method                                             43

3.2        Research design                                                         43

3.3        Expression Instrument

3.4        Measuring Instrument                                                 45

3.5        Method off data analysis                                      46

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1        Data analysis and interpretation                           47

4.2        Table 1:  Measurement on image problem

of Nigerian Enugu                                              49

4.3        Table 2: Measurement on the role played by the public relations                                                              50

4.4        Table 3 :- Measurement of the basic steps

top  be taken                                                    52

4.5        Table 4:- Measurement of effects of

political interference                                           55

4.6        Discussion                                                                 57

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1        Summary and recommendation for further study   62

5.2        Recommendations                                              65

5.3        Conclusion                                                                 68

Bibliography                                                               71

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

In any organization, the need to maintain the image of the organization is in our contemporary societies a private one hence this  study survey the role of public relations in enhancing consumer’s satisfaction. We set out to find   whether Nigeria Airways Enugu, has in any  way satisfied or disssatidied the total number of  people or customers that  have been satisfied or dissatisfied by the organization. This study will also x – rays how far the PR roles have helped or will help to co-ordinate the organizations perception of the Nigeria airways image when determined are bed, them the researchers would be in a better position to advise and make necessary recommendations in order to enhance it’s image. And also, to contribute to the knowledge of mass communication and indeed to the acknowledge  of geniality of Nigerian in their quest for the effect of customers satisfaction in government and in parastatals.

The Nigeria Airways is a public interest and business enterprise and as such is required to succeed.   

        As a public institute devoted to the servicing of the public interest , it must have its customers, satisfactions as its prime motive  to  enhance and achieve public co-operation and acceptance. As a business institute, the Nigeria Airways must use business principles to operate in such a way that  it be comes economically strong enough to  depend and sustain its independence against crumbling.

Against the background the Nigeria Airways, instituted  the public relations department to help foster the activities of the organization in order to achieves it aims and objectives. This is so because no business oriented organization can make any meaningful achievement without the it is easy identifiable that the basic philosophy underlying public relation practice is prime importance in all spheres of activities. The public relations man engages himself in doing he has done. This involves winning friends, keeping them and influencing them, as well as others it also involves looking good by building and sustaining good image or goodwill through good deeds that will wim favourable consideration for Nigerian Airways Enugu among members of the public.

Public relations by definition according to frank Jefekins states “that public relation is the process of assessing consumer wants establishing communication fastening good will so that consumer wants or needs can be profitable satisfied”. I

Another definition of public relations according to the editors of public relations news, PR is a philosophy and function of management, which evaluate public attitudes, identities the policies of  an individual or organization  with public interests and execute a programme of actions to earn public understanding and acceptance”.

From these definitions, it is obvious that the public relations man blends the public interest with that of the organization for optimal achievement. It also identified the need  for the public relations man to evaluate the public attitude and conception of the organization with the area of attaining and eliciting favourable actions  where necessary. As a result of this, customers satisfaction in the activities of Nigeria Airways, Enugu among others should pursued. One way of doing this is to map out a programme of action that is, customers oriented and favourable to the generality of the people.

In actual sense, Nigeria Airways, Enugu cannot exist in a vacuum. It cannot grow if it neglects the existence of its customers it must function as an institution ready to compute the customers.  This includes expressing her policies and practices through communication for general awareness.

However, this communication function can best be formed if public relations manager is given its appropriate place in the management of Nigeria Airways, Enugu.

Sincerely speaking, the  Nigeria Airs, is fast recognizing the enormous function which public relation would perform if allowed into the strategic decision making level of the organization. In this contemporary society, the public scrutiny and accountability is on the increase. It is imperative therefore, that good public relation should enhance good will and customers satisfaction in the organization.

The image of the  Nigerian Airways, Enugu depends on the her behavior and financial performance her making policies and the quality of her products or services, the management style, approach and the resultant satisfaction. The protection and maintenance of the Nigeria Airways Enugu image is the fundamental responsibility of public relation. As the conscience of the organization and its public and monitors the diffusion of the programmes of the organization to know when it impinges public opinion and warfare.

George Flangan stated that “if an individual contact and experience with  co-operation is extensive, his proposed image of the coronation is likely to be  strong, positive and relatively stable if , on the other hand, the individual’s familiarity with corporation is slight, as is most of the case, the mage will probably be weak, (negative) Lazy and unstable” 2

The only meaning drawn from this statement is that, if the level or degree of customer’s satisfaction in any organization is high; the customer tends to maintain more cordial relationship and vice-verse. It is the image of  the organization that attracts popularity among the potential customers. In this sense, the only image that can last long is the one that its stand is valid, true and authentic.

Candidly no organization can satisfy its mummeries customers with out being perceived first by the customers or trusted and dependable, so far Nigeria Airways to maintain the line of dependability, its policies , performance and pubic reactions have in his interaction with a company constitutes to the attitude he forms about it.

The dependability of the organization depends on the degree of the comfort given to  her customers and her good will. As regards to these facts Walter asserts “ No administrative scheme is workable with put good will and good will aboout strange practices is impossible new development in Nigeria Airways, Enugu, that is not communicated to the potential customers in clear terms and with clear evidences show so as to elicit favourable actors to attain mutual understanding will be an effort in futility.

It is therefore important  that Nigeria Airways Enugu should acquaint it self with the customers for cordiality through continuos and systematic public relations practice. It is essential that all public reaction activities of the Nigeria Airways are within the frame work often agreed and understood the corporate personality.

The modern business organization, quick to recognize the changes in the environment, has adjusted. It has more comprehensive and positive programmes by responding to community  expectations and pressures. This, for short, is the spring board of the concept of goodwill and customers satisfaction.

However, the activities of Nigerian Airways and prospects c an better be under of view of its origin. To this end, below is the mark off point of Nigeria Airways.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1      THE HISTORY OF NIGERIA AIRWAYS

The history of the organization would traced to 1945 when it was incorporated as West African Airways corporation (W.A.A.C) to understate operation which the Royal Airforce left behind at the end of would war “., was then jointly owned by former Bristish colonis manly; Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia and Sier Leone. The African Airways corporation (WA.A.C) was managed by West African Transport Authority (W.A.A.TA).

On attainment of independence in 1957, Ghana pulled out to set up its own Air line, the Ghana Airways, leaving Nigeria, British overseas Airways cooperation (BOAC) and Eldr Dempstr lines as the owner of what remained (WAAC) .

The Federal Government took total controls of the business in Augusts 23, 1958 by buying out the shares of its partners, the B.O.A.C and Elder Dempster lines. In this sense the airline because 100 percent Nigeria owned and the name changed to Nigeria airways limited. In the same vain, after some years Nigeria Airways Enugu was established.

1.2      THE OBJECTIVE OF NIGERIA AIRWAYS

The objectives of the air line as a national earner is to operate a scheduled and chartered air  transportation services for the carriage of passages, cargo, mails and any other related business in most reliable, efficient  and profitable manner on both domestic and international routers.

Apart from its commercial objectives, the organization also has social defense, security and political responsibility to the government and people of Nigeria as the nation’s national carrier.

For example, the airline could give back up services to the military authorities as a transportation auxiliary in a period of national emergency such as war. In other works, the line as a true is different from other commercial airlines since it must perform governments functions without profit when directed to do so by the authorities.

For the above reasons , Nigeria, Airways is duty bond to separate in the country whether it is commercially viable or not.

In situation where communication is poor, Nigerian Airways is used by government as an effective institute to bridge people, goods and mails through he ought and breath of the country. This is a great social and economic responsibility to the nation. Based on these reasons, the Federal Government offers its protection  to the airline through diplomatic channel in international traffic negotiations guarantees the airlines to secure local and foreign loans to purchased aircraft and equipment.

Due to the numerous aims and objectives of the Nigerian Airways her zeal towards making them a reality the  origination is department allied to case activities and foster developments in a way of satisfying its cutworms.

1.3      STATEMENT  OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS

There have been a good number of complaints from the Nigeria Airways Eniugu public relation  is operation of the organization. There is no efficient, effective and systematic public relation in the Nigerian Airways, Enugu does not communicate to it customers a as and when due.

The Nigerian Airways, Enugu seems to be undergoing image problems. The problems of financial constraints, deferring regulatory policies down by the government negative attitude of employees to work management problem, flight delays and conciliation, inefficient services and generally rising costs of goods and services seems to point to the that public relations has failed its role in finding out what actually satisfied the customers of Nigeria Airways Enugu.

There has been absence of direct incentives to customers, which now brings about low persuasive sales strategy.

The acceptance of forged tickets, defected tickets and checking about passenger with infects or children tickets and affects the customers satisfaction badly.

The refund of unused tickets takes a very long time, hence the customer involved unusually get displeased because of the undue time spent before they are finally satisfied.

Another problem is that the management of the parastatal makes it impossible for airline public relations manager to do his job satisfactorily. The resultant effect here is that is compelled to take actions and execute some programme that are not of the interest to the various customers.

1.4      OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

CHALLENGES OF THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION BILL TO THE BROADCAST MEDIA

CHALLENGES OF THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION BILL TO THE BROADCAST MEDIA  (CASE STUDY OF NTA KADUNA)

 

ABSTRACT

One of the cardinal points upon which the freedom of information Bill is founded is the promotion of an enabling environment for unfettered access to information as it concerns the conduct of public affairs, records and documents. Considering that one of the major set backs of the growth of the Nigeria’s fledging democracy is the fact that most official transactions, both in public and private sectors are shrouded in secrecy. This study however, shall highlight the present challenges the delay in the passage of the Freedom of Information Bill pose to the media and the society. The case study for this research is NTA Kaduna network. The survey research method is used while the simple percentage is used for analyzing responses gotten from questionnaires administered.

 

          CHAPTER ONE

  • Introduction

1.1     History of Case Study

1.2     Statement of General Study

1.3     Aims and Objectives of Study

1.4     Hypothesis and Research Questions

1.5     Theoretical Frame work

 

CHAPTER TWO

  • Literature Review

2.1     Democracy and its Obligation

2.2     Nigeria’s Obligation under International Law to have Access to Information Law

2.3     Freedom of Information Bill and the Media

2.4     National Security Interest and Official Secrets

2.5     Freedom Laws in two Worlds

2.6     Benefits of the Freedom of Information Bill

 

CHAPTER THREE

  • Research Methodology

3.1     Technique and Method of Data Collection

3.1.1  Primary Data Collection

3.1.2  Secondary Data Collection

3.2     Justification for Approaches used

3.3     Data Gathering Instrument

3.4     Research Population and Sample Size

3.5     Data Analysis Technique

 

CHAPTER FOUR

  • Data Presentation and Analysis
    • Analysis and interpretation

4.2     Test of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

  • Summary
  • Conclusion
  • Recommendation

Appendix

Questionnaire

Bibliography

 

CHAPTER ONE

  • Introduction

The Freedom of Information Bill (FOI) is a bill that, if passed into law, will give every Nigerian access to information, records and documents held by government bodies and private bodies carrying out public functions.

It applies to all arms of government: the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary as well as to all tiers of government: Federal, State and Local Governments.

So far, Nigeria has no law which guarantees citizens access to public records and information. On the contrary, many Nigerian laws have secrecy clauses prohibiting the disclosure of information e.g. the official secrets Act, the Criminal Code, the Penal code e.t.c.

Restricting access to vital information starves the press of the legal authority to publish or broadcast what they know to be true. The Nigerian press has for many years been accused of sensationalism as against fact-based journalism because their reports appear to be unbacked with evidence.

The FOI Bill has gone through three readings and a public hearing and has been passed by the lower chamber of the National Assembly, and at the Senate, it has also passed through three readings and a public hearing awaiting harmonization and presidential assent to become law.

 

1.1     HISTORY OF CASE STUDY

In February 1962, the Broadcasting Company of Northern Nigeria known as BCNN was born. It was commissioned on 15th March, 1962. BCNN was established by the premier of the then Northern region, the Sardauna of Sokoto, Late Sir Ahmadu Bello. He wanted a medium through which he could sell his government’s policies and bring development to the whole of the north, because he felt that the existing Radio Station, the NBC was not giving adequate coverage to his government and indeed the activities of the Northern region. The Station started in monochrome. In 1963, the RTK (Radio Television, Kaduna) arm was established the combination was known and still remained as RTK (Radio Television Kaduna).

The television arm was excised from the former Broadcasting Corporation of Northern Nigeria (BCNN) with Decree No. 24 of May 1977 which took effect retrospectively from 1st April, 1976.

The station has two (2) 10KW transmitters: Larcan Transmitter installed in April, 1994 and Rhodes and Schwarz (R & S) installed in year 2000, both transmitters are located at No. 99 Isa kaita Road, Kaduna.

 

Objectives of NTA

The NTA derives its objectives from the overall aims of broadcasting in Nigeria. As a medium of communication, television seeks to enrich life of the average Nigerian by influencing positively his social, cultural, economic, political, and technological thinking. It also brings him news and information about national issues. Besides this, it serves as a source of entertainment. Television promotes cultural awareness and seeks to preserve Nigeria’s rich culture. Through the medium, artistic and intellectual creativity are developed. Therefore, all programmes and coverage should be audience – oriented and guided by the nation’s social, political, moral, cultural, scientific, educational and economic goals.

 

NTA’s Vision and Mission

Vision

“To be a World-Class television Network”

Mission

“To provide excellent television services worldwide and project the true African perspectives.”

The station (NTA Kaduna) has six departments

  • Programmes:

The Programmes Department is responsible for planning and producing programmes for transmission; the programs types are light entertainment, drama, variety and documentary.

The department is also responsible for all OB coverages and contributions to networks programmes.

 

News Department

The News department is responsible for News and Current Affairs Programmes. It is statutorily vested with the responsibility of gathering and broadcasting News from all sources within the country some of its star programmes are News World, Weekend Panorama, Guests of the Week and Issues of the Moment.

 

 

 

  • Engineering Department

The department is responsible for the maintenance of all equipment and daily transmission of programmes. As a Zonal Centre, it contributes to transmission of network programmes. It is equipped to cover and transmit live programmes from any location within the zone.

  • Administrative Department

The department is the human resource and personnel arm of the station. It is in charge of policy interpretation and implementation.

  • Finance Department

The finance department manages the finances of the station.

 

  • Marketing Department

The marketing department is responsible for the marketing and advertising activities of the station.

Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Kaduna is located in the heart of the city at No. 7 Yakubu Gowon Way, Kaduna.

The station has staff strength of Ninety – Seven (97).

 

  • Statement of General Problem

For over eight years, the protagonists of the Freedom of Information Bill have been toiling to it get passed at the National Assembly. The bill was presented initially in 1999 when the return to democratic governance heightened the expectations that there will be increased disposition towards freer information access by those in power.

By August 2004, the House of Representatives passed the Freedom of Information Bill and two years later by 2006, the Senate by a consensus vote passed the same bill.

 

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

When we considered the ever widening harizon between the third world communication order in which we have unfortunately found ourselves and the counterpart in the computer controlled worlds, (the developed countries).

We could not help feeling that sense of consciousness to brace up with the challenges caused by this imbalance, this feeling has today motivated us into embarking on this laudable project. A genuine and committed pursuit to the amelioration, if not outright solution to these seemingly unattainable problems that bed evil our young but promising third world communication order.

  • STATEMENT OF THE EXISTING PROBLEMS

Communication is synonymous with understanding when communication does not end with proper decoding, it means that understanding has been lost understanding can be impaired by a number of factors, prominent among them is noise. Noise is any factor in the communication process that does not enhance the proper understating of the encoded message.

Noise is one of the most difficult problems that effect, both the print and broadcast media. In broadcast media it comes in form of hooting noise, poor grammatical expressions etc. While in the print, anything that tends to derail the readers mind from the proper understanding of the encoded message is noise. Noise could be in form of wrong spellings, wring usage of words as well as wrong punctuation’s .

In interpersonal communication, noise could come in the form of shabby dressing of the communicator, a handkerchief bulging from the pocket of the communicator, or bad make – up. When the encoded message is distorted as a result of noise, understanding will be adversely effected, the essential of such communication will therefor be defeated.

Another major problem that face communication in developing countries is language problems. For a communication process be seen as successful, the decoding must be an indication of proper understating. In country like Nigeria, there are about 250 ethnic groups and several language as well as dialects. Our use of English language is most times hampered by the intrusion of our local and sectional dialects.

Mr. Chudi Amafili and Mr. AL. Gwe seem to recognize this in their unpublished lecture material on radio and television production. They advice thus.” The announcers voice must be natural a universal voice, one not tied to any local or sectional dialects. It is only   anaive mind who will not understand the extent of damage, this above mentioned factor can cause in our communication process. English language is not our mother tongue. It is our second language and therefore one whose usage is most likely to be affected by the underlying factors in our first language. The Yoruba’s for instance omit the letter “H” in the pronunciation of English words because of the restrictions in their language. The Hausas and the I bos are not free from this dialectic problem. This affect them both in pronunciation as well as pitch variations.

This language problem does not stop here, Mr. Mbaachu, the personnel manager to Nigeria coal co-operation Enugu in his unpublished paper argued that it is only when we are using our mother tongue for communication that we are at liberty even to the extent of inventing words, which according to him, is not the same when we use other people’s lnguage. According to him when one is involved in another person’s language on remains a learner and never an experts. No wonder them many communication experts advocate that local language media house should be established in the local areas to take care of majority of people in remote area. The next major problem, according to Mr. Mbaachu is the dynamic nature language both local care of majority of people in remote area. The next major problem, according to Mr. Mbaachu is the dynamic nature language both local and foreign. According to Mr. Okenwa, the former Head of department of mass communication, Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu, Conventional English demanded that one uses “ you are welcome “ as a response to an expression of thanks. This is not the same with what use to apply a couple of years ago another major problem that besieged communicators in the under developed countries like Nigeria, is lack of modern communication gadgets / equipment. Reginald Okochi, the press secretary to the Enugu State Government, in his address to the 1999. Association of mass communication students (ASMACS) IMT Chapter lamented his woes, when he was covering the presidency as a radio Nigeria reporter. He narrated the pains and frustrations they suffered when their counterparts in overseas, aided by their very sophisticated gadget, were able to punch their news to their studios, even from their presidential dateline, while he and his colloquies waited to fax their news at the nearest business centre. What a frustration ?

When one listens to telephone interview over the voice of America he will be forced to wonder there is nothing wrong with our local media house whose interviews and remote productions generally are riddled with noise and distortions and distortions. Our telecommunication system, station transmitters and even our studio equipment are so problem ridden, that they frustrate the efforts of our head working communicators.

Underdevelopment is indication of the poor state of economy of the country involved. It is another way of saying that a country is poor. Poverty is one of the greater set backs on the thirds world communication system. Its is almost foundation years now that the Nigeria broadcasting co-operating (NBC) issues licenses to private proprietors to establish and operate their own electronic media house, but till now only clappers broad, many system television and few other’s have been able to meet up the deadline not withstanding the further shift of the deadline. This situations can largely be attributed to the poor economic situation in the country.

Almost all our media, both government and privately owned ones are suffering from the problems posed by obsolete equipment. Radio stations such as Enugu state Broadcasting station collapses and ressurates at relatively short intervals. When Reginald Okochi was comforted with the question regarding the above mentioned station, during the 1999 ASMACS week he confessed that the problem has persisted because of lack of fund “bad economy” The last problem which is not the least among other problem is, the problem posed by the government and the law. The relationship between the press and the government has been described by many known communication scholars “an adversary relationship” the type of relationship that exist between the cat and rat.