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THE IMPACT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPUTER

ON THE SECRETARIAL PROFESSION (A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED BANKS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS) 

 

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Account Name: 3059320631

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CHAPTER ONE

 

Introduction                                                                                      1

Background of the study                                                         1

1.1            Statement of problem                                                    5

1.2            Purpose of the Study                                                     6

1.3            Research Questions                                                       7

1.4            Significance of the study                                                         8

1.5            Delimitation of the study                                                         9

1.6            Definition of terms                                                                  10

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review                                                                     12

2.1            Perspective on Computer                                                        12

2.2            Computer and organizational output/productivity                  18

2.3            Computer and workload                                                         25

2.4            Computer and workers health                                       29

2.5            Computer and redundancy                                            30

2.6            Synthesis of literature                                                    39

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology                                                            40

3.1            Area of Study                                                                40

3.2            Research design                                                             41

3.3            Population                                                                     41

3.4            Sample and sampling technique                                              42

3.5            Instrument for data collection                                        43

3.6            Method of gathering and Administering of data            43

3.7            Validation of research                                                    43

3.8            Method of data analysis                                                43

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation                                                                    44

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of findings, conclusion,

And recommendation                                                              51

5.1            Summary of findings                                                     51

5.2            Conclusion                                                                     52

5.3            Recommendations                                                                   52

5.4            Suggestion topics for further research                                     54

5.5            Limitation                                                                      54

Bibliography                                                                           55

Questionnaire

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

The degree to which computer is used in offices has been of serious concern to secretarial profession. This study investigated the impact of the introduction of the computer on the secretarial profession and how the secretarial react to the introduction of computer.

In order to arrive at a conclusive decision on the above objective, the researcher carried out a library research, interviews and questionnaires.

The populations of this study consisted of hundred secretaries in some selected banking institutions namely; First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Okpara Avenue, Union Bank of Nigeria Plc, Uwani and Abakpa Nike  Community Banking Limited. Questionnaire and Oral interview were used to collect data.

The statistical tools used are average and percentage. When the data was analyzed, it was found that secretaries do not react adversely to the introduction of computer in their offices, computer have created new skills for the secretary and have added some spices to their work. With the acquisition of such skills, secretaries are now seen as indispensable tool in the office, thus giving them good professional status. And it was recommended that secretaries should develop attitudes and learning skills that would enable them to take advantage of new opportunity.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 

Today, the business world  is  undergoing  far-reaching

Technological revolution due to  the  advancement  in  science. For all types of organizations to  succeed  in  today’s  rapidly  changing environment, they  need  to  be  able  to  be  process  data   and information  effectively.

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In conducting them  day  to day  operations  organization  use  information  for  functions  such  as  planning, controlling, directing,  organizing  and  diction  making.   Information therefore  is  unique actionably  a critical  resources  in  the  operations  of  all  organization  the  business men,  secretaries, students and  in  fact  everybody, would now readily see the indelible impact of modern technology on people lives.

 

In an organization, information moves from person, forms are completed, filed and received and individuals communicate variety of both simple and complex concepts. At the turn of the century most written information were complied by hand in pen and ink copies were made by hand and communicated was by letter, telegraph or in person.  Today most of the tedious functions related to information handling and processing are done through the computer.

For the secretaries, not only have their equipment changed, but also their administrative processes office routine management systems are similarly evolving into new forms.  Computers have replaced manual typewriters and electric typewriter while for machines replaced telex machines.  There are also different type of advanced communication gadget such as cellular phones, pager etc.  With this radical change, the secretaries are expected to change and be able to keep up with all these professional changes around them.  In accordance with the law of motion CHANGE is a constant phenomena.  If we look at the beginning of man to the present day, we would see that there had been tremendous change. If there had not occurred, man would have remained primitive hill today.  Change is a challenge and if we abide by change, it brings out the best in us thereby leading to erroneous progress.

The first office automatic machine were introduced 1930 and used paper rolls later paper tape as a form of memory.  BY the 1960s the international business machine (IBM) had introduced the selective go If ball typewriter which allows the typist to change the print element, the go If – ball to provide a different type font (character design and sign) another break through was the introduction of IBM’s magnetic tape selective typewriter.  This was followed by the introduction of a visual display unit (VDU) this allows the typist to see what I happening to the text as if being tyed amended and stored, but before it I being committed to paper or printed out.  In fact, electronic systems are now possible that they can sense absorbs store, categorize ponder, very high quantity.  Yet with greater accuracy, speed and reliability.  Coventry, (1981) indicated that Recent development of the micro processor, founded on the silicon chips has potentials likely to have a vast social repercussion through out financial industry, for a simple chip take over a high proportion of today’s office job P.21.  When we refer to computer system, we refer to information and communication system which are necessary for the functioning of the office.  We assume that data processing and word-processing play a large role and also that human system under lie these technical systems.  In an ideal situation therefore, the technology and the people function together harmoniously.

It is important to recognize that development and implementation of the computer is moving through several overlapping phases, each affecting differently.

In general, a distinction can be made between two classes of office workers.  The first are the information worker they are those who are involved in the routine entry, recording, storage and transmission of information, those who fall under this group of worker include – Typist, secretaries, clerks and data entry personal.

 

The second group are the knowledge works-this group aconite of those worker who create, interpret, analyze and utilize this information these knowledge worker can be divided into two (2) groups professional/technical employees and managers.

The main impact of the computer is simply to facilitate office operation as they are now being carried out.  For example the word professor replace the secretary’s type writers, the mini-computer replaces the clerk’s filing cabinets etc.  More recently professionals and secretaries have begun using personal computers and sophisticated calculators to speed up their work.  The timing of there development has largely been dictated by the emergence of the technology starting with the widespread introduction of word processor’s in the 1970’s, and it in the late 1970s and its legitimating as a business tool in 1981, with the introduction of the IBM P.C.

 

1.2            STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Up to the 190’s the use of the computer in this country was limited to very few multinational companies.  The secretary then had to contend with using manual and electric typewriters in performing her word processing function.

Furthermore storage and retrieval of information was by use of files, filing cabinets, index cards etc.  Accessing of other information had to be through telephone directories and other relevant specialized text meant for such purpose.

Many of the secretaries of the 80’s are still in employment. With the advent and widespread use of the computer are then wonders how these secretaries are adjusting to be new devices now prevalent in modern offices are they finding it easy or difficult?  Is the profession generally under threat by the introduction of the computer and the Internet?  What can be done to keep the secretary still relevant in to day’s modern business setting?  These and many more are what this research aims to find solutions for.

 

1.3            PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to thoroughly investigate on the impact of the introduction of the computer on the secretaries.

  1. How secretaries react or the attitude of secretaries towards the introduction of computers.
  2. To ascertain whether the introduction of computer has in any way improve the secretary’s work.
  3. To ascertain whether the introduction of computer has made it easy or difficult to adjust (especially the secretaries of the bank under investigation).
  4. To determine the problems encountered by secretaries in trying to adapt to changes in the nature of their work.
  5. To find out whether or not secretaries are involved in the planning and introduction of computers.

 

1.4            RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The research provided answers to the following research questions;

  1. How do secretaries react to the introduction of computer
  2. What problems are encountered by secretaries in trying to adapt to changes in the nature of their work.
  3. Are there orientation programmes in facilitating the adaptation to new changes of work
  4. Are secretaries involved in the planning and introduction of computers.

 

OFFICE TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MATERIAL SAMPLE

EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL CRISIS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WORKERS

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EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL CRISIS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WORKERS IN ABIA STATE POLYTECHNIC, ABA,

ABIA STATE

 

 

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

 

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Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

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ABSTRACT

The major purpose of this study was to find out the Effect of Industrial Crisis on Productivities of Workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba in Abia North  Local Government Area of Abia State. There are delay in productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba and workers also felt reluctant towards their work and threatening industrial peace in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba in Abia State. Specifically, objective of the study were:(1) Identify the causes of industrial crisis on productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba in Abia State, (2)Identity the effect of the industrial crisis on productivities of workers Abia State Polytechnic, Aba in Abia State, (3)Identity the extent to which wages and salary affects the workers productivities in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State. (4)Identify the extent to which government policy effect the productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State. The population of the study consist of one hundred (100) employees working in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Aba North Local Government Area, Abia State. There was no sample. Four research questions were formulated and analyzed using percentage method (%). Hundred (100) questionnaire items were distributed and the study retrieved eighty (80).The findings showed that inconsistence policy by the management causes industrial crisis on productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba in Abia State, the study also discovered that delay in payment of wages and salaries decreases workers productivities in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba in Abia State, It was recommended that those indicator like inconsistence policy and breach of collective agreement should be avoid by the management for favourable work conditions. It was also recommended that comfortable wages and salaries will help to ameliorate the level of industrial crisis.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of the Study

The revolt of workers began after the industrial development and has pressed through several phases. In order to improve workers condition of service the civil service came up in 1912 safeguarding the interest of their fellow workers which lead to the first general strike of 1945.

The civilian in Nigeria (1960)-(1966) witness serious agitation for general wage increase. Hence the sodomu report of 1961 recommended upward revision of salaries but not implemented. Agitation persisted and lead to the unfortunate and expensive general strike of 1964. The strike was a practical testimony that the policy of non interference in labour management matters adopted from 1960-1965 was ineffective.

The 1964 general strike which lost the nation on estimated N20 million and the outbreak of the civil war in 1967 made it clear that the national could not afford the disruptive consequence of individual action by workers in all sector of the economy. Hence there was that mead for legislative to ensure prevalence of industrial peace during the period of military era.

  1. Decree N0. 21 1968 trade dispute (emergency provision) Decree. This Decree out lowed strike or lock out. It provided that voluntary agreement reached between labour and measurement legally blending where settlement could not be reached to dispute referred to the commissioner of labour who would appoint a conciliator to mediate in the dispute where it falls they can appoint an arbitrator.
  2. Decree No 53 (emergency provision Amendment) 1969. this was just extension of Decree 21 of 1968 about expiring it again reinforce the prohibition of all the strikes and locked out.
  3. Decree N0 31. The Trade Union Decree 1973. This was the result of belief that one of the mai n reasons for the industrial crisis during that period was the existence of multiplicity of workers organizations.
  4. Decree No. 44 Trade Union Decree 1976. This Decree promulgated in August, 1976. Dissolute all existence central labour organization purporting to represent the National work force as a whole. It imposes a fine of N2,000 and or a jail term of 2 years for any one claiming to form or revive it.
  5. Trade Dispute (1977). As a result of Trade Union Organization in 1976. The government took further to ensure order and equity in conduct of labour relations in the country. This Trade Dispute Act of 1977, therefore, lifted the ban of lock outs and general strike impose under decree No. 53 at 1969.

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In one sence, there is nothing original in the interest in industrial crisis. The idea has existed micro mind form the origin of labour, poorly under stood and inadequately research.

It is evidence that most of our agile and energetic workers are proclaimed retired and retrenched. The above problems have pushed the researcher into finding out why?. Hence, the effects of industrial crisis on the productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State.

1.3   Purpose of Study

The major purpose of this study is to identify the effects of industrial crisis on the productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State. The study will:

  1. Identify the causes of industrial crises on productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State.
  2. Identify effects of industrial crisis on productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State.
  3. Identity the extent to which wages and salary affects the workers productivities in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State.
  4. Identify the extent to which government policy effect the productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State.

1.4   Research Questions

The following questions have been asked as a guide to this study.

  1. What are the causes of industrial crisis on productivities of workers?
  2. What are the effects of industrial crisis on productivities of workers?
  3. To what extent does wages and salary affect the productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State.
  4. To what extent does government policy affect the productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State.

1.5   Significance of the Study

The study will help highlight some of the causes responsible for industrial crisis on productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State to enable management appreciate the gravity of problem and make some improvement.

It will also enable the problem management and government to formulate a policy towards crisis resolution in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba.

Furthermore, it will serve as a guide to the industrial workers to enable them prepared their mind on how to tackle crisis that are likely to answer and the causes of it on them if involved.

Finally, the information contained in this study will be of invaluable assistance to student who might further be interested in research on other aspect / area of industrial crisis not covered by the present study.

I.6    Scope of the study

This study is delimited on the effect of industrial crisis on the productivities of workers in Abia State Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State.

1.7   Definition of Terms

Decree: An official order from a ruler or government that becomes law, it normally sees in military rule.

Crisis: A time of great danger difficulty or uncertainty when problems must be solved or important decision must make

Industrial crisis: All industrial corrosive situations that might even boomeranged on either the organization workers.

Productivity: The rate which workers organization or country produce goods or render services compared with how much time, work and money is needed to produce them.

Workers: This refers to all level categories of employed persons in any organization.

Effect: A change that somebody or something causes in somebody or something else a result of action taken on that thing.

Organization: A group of people who formed entity in order to achieve a particular goal.

Strike: To refuse to work as a protest

Agitation: Public protest in order to achieve change, be it political change or otherwise.

Policy: A plan of action agreed to chosen by a particular government.

Legislative: The aim of government that is responsible for making law in the country.

Civilians: Ordinary people who are not members of armed force or police force.

Trade union: Are group of workers or employees who join together to maintain and improve the conditions of employment.

Labour management: Is the act of coordinating, controlling, directing workers towards the achievement of organizational goals.

 

 

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OFFICE TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MATERIAL SAMPLE

BENEFITS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF SECRETARIES

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BENEFITS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF SECRETARIES EMPLOYED IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC OKO

 

 

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

 

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

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ABSTRACT

The major benefit of this study was to determine the benefits of information technology on the job performance of secretaries employed in polytechnics in Federal Polytechnic Oko. The population of the study consists of 74 secretaries in Federal Polytechnic Oko. Four research questions were formulated which guided the study. A 40–item structured questionnaire was developed and validated. Percentage responses were used to answer the research questions. The major findings of the study were: (1)Information technology plays an important role in the job performance of a secretary such as storing and retrieving of information, easy access to information (2) Information technology improve the secretaries performance when the quality of work produced using information communication technology is far better than manual and also saves time, improve efficiency in output and performance, increase speed and accuracy, (3) secretaries encounter some challenges like: technology changes the job of  the secretary and inability to grow with the use of computer, (4) changes in technology can cause job displacement of secretaries. It was concluded that(1) there is need for secretaries to be computer literate since it plays important role in their job (2) there is need for secretaries to acquire skills and knowledge needed to cope with the changes in technology since it saves their time and increase their speed and accuracy (3) secretaries face challenges in their jobs because of changes in technology and inability to grow along with the current trends and acquisition of the needed knowledge to meet the changing challenges. It was recommended that (1) lecturers in higher institutions should help their students to understand the important role computer plays among secretaries and also enough computers should be provided by the school authorities (2) secretaries must be dynamic with the current packages of the computer like: Ms word, Ms Excel, Page maker Corel Draw, etc in order to improve on their job (3) Non computer literate secretaries need to go for training in computer in order to meet with current changes in technology today.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTER ONE:

1.0   Introduction ………………………………………………………1

  • Background of the study ………………………………………1
  • Statement of problem……………………………………………5
  • Purpose of the study……………………………………….……6
  • Research questions…………………………………………..….6
  • Significance of the study………………………………………..7
  • Scope of the study………………………………………………..8
  • Definition of terms………………………………….……………8

CHAPTER TWO

2.0   Review of Related Literature …………………………………10

  • The uses of information and communication Technology..10
  • The roles information Technology play among secretaries……………………………………………………..…14
  • Impact of information Technology on the performance of secretaries……………………………………………………..…17
  • Challenges facing secretaries in utilizing information Technology…………………………………………………….…20
  • Summary of Literature Review ……………………………..23

CHAPTER THREE:

3.0   Research methodology ………………………………………..25

  • Research design…………………………………………………25
  • Area of the study…………………………………………..……25
  • Population of the study……..…………………………………26
  • Instrument for Data Collection ……………………………..27
  • Reliability and validity of the Instruments………….……27
  • Distribution and Retrieval of the instrument ……………27
  • Method of Data Analysis………………………………………28

CHAPTER FOUR:

  • Presentation and Analysis of Data.…………………………29

CHAPTER FIVE:

5.0   Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations….………40

  • Summary of findings ………………………………….………40
  • Conclusion ……………………………………………….……..41
  • Recommendation …………………………………………..….41
  • Limitations of the study………………………………….……42
  • Suggestions for further Research……………………………43

References…………………………………………………..……44

Appendix A  statistics of secretaries in Federal Polytechnic Oko…………………………………………………46

Appendix B: Research questionnaire  ……………………..50

Questionnaire ………………………………………….……….51

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   Introduction

By the mid 20th century, human had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the atmosphere of the earth for the first time and explore space. According to Merriam Webster (2007), technology is making usage and knowledge of tools, machines techniques crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. The word Technology comes from Greek, the term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: Example include construction Technology and information technology.

1.1   Background of the Study

Information Technology has dramatically changed all aspects in business and industry in modern society. These technology developments have adversely affected the jobs of many people. To understand information Technology, Bennett (1997) defines it as acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of information using computers.

However, Eric Schalzbery (2004) in his views says that with the high rate of technological development in this “global village” era, the secretary has come to terms with the reality of having her job greatly enriched and complete business activities going on in modern office. The secretary plays important role in ensuring the proper utilization of these machines for greater productivity.

In the past, most office work had been carried out manually although then the volume of office work had been small and was less sophisticated in industrial art, hence there was no significant demand for modern technology. But today when one looks at the basic tasks in an office, whether it be writing, calculating, filling, sorting or analysis it is found that office machines can be used to do the job better and faster which leads to great achievements and professionalism in the field. There has never been greater need for efficiency in business than there is today. All kinds of business must employ modern methods in their offices as the raw materials of an office is information, the responsibility of an office is like that of a clearing house, receiving and sending out information, processing, storing facts in various forms. Therefore, the ever increasing size of business organizations has increased the development of new techniques in office management unlike in the past where the secretary made use of old model manual typewriter that does not enhance efficiency.

Since the secretary is a medium through which the organizations actions and policies are conveyed to the public in readable and disenable form, it is wise that she is exposed to office machines and understand their proper usage so that she can efficiently carryout the routine job of the office. By so doing, the organization concern can benefit highly form the services of the secretary.

The secretary is part of the management team since she is completely involved in the affairs of the office and in making and implementation of business plans. She deals with letter drafting and typing, filing, processing and storing of information as well as disseminating information with the office automation such as electronic typewriter, word processor, computer, telephone tax machine, internet, e-mail, photocopier and calculating machines at her disposal, her job is sure to progress swiftly and a boost to attaining productivity in the organization where she works. As a result, the naming is changing. Popular titles now are administrative assistants, executive assistants, office manager, coordinator and specialists. Communication skills and class are required for tasks such as preparing conferences, working with clients and coaching staff. Secretaries and administrative assistants will keep on playing an essential role in majority of organizations and technical inventions cannot replace these personal skills.

The government has not lagged behind in the development of information technology. According to information technology for development, an internal journal; information technology has great relevance for government and social economic development programs. For information Technology development of telecommunication, infrastructure is considered to be an important pre-requisite. Information Technology is dependent on human resource development which means development for technical manpower. The government has introduced E-government in its operation today and this shows the importance the government attaches to information technology.

1.2   Statement of the Problems

 

There are problem encountered despite the benefits of information technology. Even though modern technology is regard as important and of high value in ensuring quality work output in an office as well as bringing about productivity, it is equally believed that these machines can cause job displacement.

The machines are cost effective therefore some organization do not really apply the use of some of the modern machines and this lead to poor performance.

There is however a great loss of job from typing pools (Rackham, 2001). Many workplaces previously manned are fully automated and many jobs are being changed as the new technology is introduced this has however led to reduction of employees including secretarial staff.

This study is therefore aimed at examining how information technology could be utilized by  secretaries to be more productive in their areas of work and put in place, possible solution that shall give the secretary the comfort to hold on to the profession without fear of future extinction.

1.3   Purpose of the study

The major purpose of this study was to determine  the benefits of information technology on the job performance of secretaries in polytechnic specifically, the study was to;

  1. To examine the concept of modern technology and its effect on the secretary’s performance.
  2. To examine whether modern technology causes job displacement of secretaries in organizations.
  3. To identity the roles information technology plays among secretaries.
  4. To find out challenges facing secretaries in utilizing information technology.

1.4   Research Questions

This study sought answers to the following research questions;

  • What role does information technology play in secretary’s job performance?
  • To what extent has information technology improved the secretary’s performance?
  • What are the challenges facing secretaries in utilizing information technology
  • Does modern technology cause job displacement of secretaries in organizations.

1.5   Significance of the study

Information technology is like a magic, it must be learned because it is a challenge. This research tends to determine and focus its findings on the benefits attached to information technology.

Students, lecturers, employees and managers would be at advantage to gain from the result as it would assist in enhancing and eliminating the misconception posed by critics who through ignorant of the secretary’s job content assure that the computer is a substitute for secretaries.

The secretaries would benefit mostly from the findings of the study by understanding how information technology could enhance their performance. The study will also be an eye opener to them, since information technology poses threat to their career. The study will also help managers and top executives on how best to utilize secretaries and especially on delegating their duties to them.

The study is also meant to help other researchers conducting research on information technology and its impact on performance of secretaries. They would be able to use it as a source of reference for literature review.

1.6   Scope of the Study

The study focuses on the roles information technology plays among secretaries and also looked at he specific challenges facing secretaries in utilizing information technology.

1.7   Definition of Terms

The terms used in this study which have unique meaning that could be subjected to different interpretations by different readers of this project report are as follows:

Benefit                     An advantage or profit gained form

something.

Information              All types of equipment and programs

Technology              Which are used in the processing of

information (Rackham, 2001).

Job performance      An individual’s output in terms of quality

and quantity expected from every employee in a particular job.

Secretary                  An executive assistant who possesses a mastery of office skills, who demonstrates the ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision, who exercise initiative and judgement, and who makes decision within the scope of assigned authority (Okolo A.N, 2012).

 

 

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INVESTIGATING INTO THE PROBLEMS OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY

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INVESTIGATING INTO THE PROBLEMS OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AGUATA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

  • Backgrounds to the study……………………………………………………………1

1.1      Statement of the problem…………………………………………………………..3

1.2      Purpose of the study………………………………………………………………….4

1.3      Research questions……………………………………………………………………5

1.4      Significance of the study…………………………………………………………….6

1.5      Limitations of the study………………………………………………………………7

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ………………………………………………………..8

General aims / objectives of Personnel Management  Leadership ……………9

The problems of personnel management…………………………………………….10

The roles of personnel management…………………………………………………..12

The motivation of personnel management ………………………………………….15

Benefits of a well-organized personnel unit………………………………………….18

Summary of review of related literature ……………………………………………..19

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………..21

Design of the study……………………………………………………………………………22

Population ………………………………………………………………………………………22

Sample size …………………………………………………………………………………….22

Description of instrument used…………………………………………………………..23

Validation of the instrument………………………………………………………………23

Distribution and retrieval ………………………………………………………………….24

Method of data analysis ……………………………………………………………………24

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Analysis and interpretation  ……………………………………………………….25

CHAPTER FIVE

Finding, Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………………………..31

Summary of the findings……………………………………………………………………31

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….32

Recommendation …………………………………………………………………………….33

AREA FOR FURTHER RESEARCH………………………………………………………….35

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………….36

QUESTIONNAIRE ……………………………………………………………………………..37

 

ABSTRACT

This topic of this study is the investigation into the problems of personnel management and its effect on workers productivity in some selected business organisations in Aguata Local Government Area. personnel management has taken up a very wide dimension in the company managerial scope. The position of personnel manager or personnel management has been so indispensable such that the absence of this managerial arm constitutes many problems. Since some organizations or industries are purely profit oriented, it is quite a big responsibility on the part of the employer to make the working condition suitable and attractive to the employee for maximum output in production.

 

The sole responsibility of this working condition is channelled through the personnel manager who serves as a link between the employee and employer. The investigation was carried out under the following headings: Chapter two deals with different people’s opinion about the topic. This comes under literature review. Literature review of this study was discussed under general aims / objectives of personnel management, the management, the roles of personnel management, the motivation of personnel management and the benefit of a well-organized personnel management unit. Chapter three deals with methodology, that is, method of collection of data, sources of data, population of the study, population sample, return of questionnaire, and description of instrument used. Chapter four deals with data presentation and analysis is based on the responses obtained from respondents (workers) of the selected organizations in Aguata Local Government. Finally, chapter five deals with findings, summary of the principal findings, conclusion & recommendation.

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Management, the life-wire of any organization, is the most precious part of civilization. One of the most important responsibilities of any organization is the management and development of people. Without management, an organization is but a muddle of men and machines. It is the human factor, which binds a group together and motivates it towards goals. Management activities such as planning, organizing and decision-making are dormant untill the manager triggers the power of motivation in people and guide them towards their goals.

 

Personnel management according to Ojiakor (2011) is “that part of human resources which co-ordinates, controls and directs other resources, such as materials, money, etc to achieve the desired objectives. This definition has two implications. Firstly, personnel managers are concerned with managing activities involved in optimizing the performance of the human resources.

Ibekwe (1984) defines personnel management as the directing, co-ordinating and controlling of all the responsibilities for supply of required human resources and optimizing their performance.

Adam (1966) defines personnel management as “the organizing and training of people at work with the objective of getting each employee to make the highest possible contribution to the success of organization and to be happy in his work”.

 

Therefore, personnel management is indispensable to all organizations and other collective enterprise since industries and organizations are purely profit oriented. It is quite a big responsibility on the part of employer to make the working condition suitable and attractive to the employees for maximum output. The sole responsibility of this working condition is channelled through the personnel manager who serves as link between the employees and the employer.

Sometimes, organization performs badly in the short run because of adverse external circumstance beyond managements ability. All these shortcomings of personnel management moved the researcher to study the problems of personnel management based on selected business organizations in Aguata Local Government Area.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There are shortcomings in the management of the selected business organizations. These organizations include Rozons hotel and G.U.O transport company all in Aguata  Local Government Area. Personnel management service has certain problems militating against its efficiency, which is assumed to be.

Lack of understanding among the personnels and the management lacks skills in the field of work and also may be inadequate working equipment and facilities. This may imply that in spite of the effort of these organizations personnel management programme has certain factors hindering its progress. It is therefore the intention of this research to find out the actual problems of the personnel management in the selected business organizations and its prospects with a view to recommending the ways and means of solving the problems for its optimal performance.

 

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this study is to examine the problems of personnel management and its effect on workers productivity in the selected business organizations in Aguata Local Government Area.

Specifically the study is also aimed to

a        Evaluate how communication process affects the personnel management in selected business organizations.

  1. Determine how the working condition at the organization favourable to workers.

It is hoped that discovery of these problems will enable the managers of the selected business organizations to become effective managers thereby making himself and people working for him happy.

 

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RESEARCH QUESTIONS

To facilitate the advancement of the study, the researcher raised the following research questions:

i        To what extent is the working condition at the business organizations favourable to workers?

ii       How does communication process affect the personnel management and workers in the selected business organizations in Aguata Local Government area.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researcher hopes that at the end of the study he will give solutions and possible recommendations to the problems posed by the personnel management.

The significance of this study is also aimed at benefiting managers especially in the selected business organizations who organize, control and direct all the human resources in business organizations in order to achieve a common goal. It is also hoped that this study will be beneficial to those in the organization and be of immense value to students of this discipline who would like to explore more on the study of the problems of personnel management.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is limited to the problems of personnel management in the selected business organizations in Aguata Local Government Area. Again, the time allowed to complete this research may be short, and there might be financial constrain because this research may require a lot of fund to prepare and distribute questionnaires and he final report.

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 

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OFFICE TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MATERIAL SAMPLE

Problems and prospects of small and medium enterprises in nigeria.

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Problems and prospects of small and medium enterprises in nigeria.

A case study of nnewi north l.g.a anambra state.

Table of contents

 

Chapter one

Introduction

1.1  background of the study                        1

1.2   statement of the problem                               3

1.3   purpose of the study                                       5

1.4   significance of the study                         6

1.5   research question                                           7

1.6   scope of the study                                           9

1.7   definition of the terms                                    9

 

Capter two

Literature review

Summary of literature review

 

Chapter three

Methodology

  • Design of the study                                         36
  • Area of the study 36
  • Population of the study 37
  • Sample of the study 37
  • Instrument for data collection 37
  • Validation of the instrument 38
  • Distribution and retrieval of instrument 38
  • Method of data analysis 38

 

Chapter four

Data presentation and analysis

 

Chapter five

Summary, conclusions and recommendations

  • Summary of the findings 57
  • Conclusion 58
  • Recommendations 59
  • Limitations of the study 61
  • Suggestion for further studies 62

References                                                      63

Appendices                                                      65

 

Abstract

The major purpose of this study is to determine factors influencing small and medium enterprises in nigeria. To determines the extent finance house strick condition have affected the development of small and medium enterprise in nigeria and also assess the extent poor financing has affected small and medium business operations. This study will help small and medium enterprise to assess and appraise their role in solving the problems of unemployment in nigeria. It will guide the compliance with government monetary policy. It will also equally server as a guideline to researchers who may wish to decide with this study in the future. The following findings were made is the course of analyzing the data. There has been a phenomenal growth in the number of small and medium ventures for past few years. The nature and dimension of small and medium enterprise in nnewi north made profit of about n5000 daily. The following recommendations are made in the belief that they will promote and stabilize small and medium enterprise of implemented. To overcome the problem of financial constraints, the government should re-introduce the small business credit scheme to that beneficiaries can use them to run the small and medium enterprise.

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 1

1.1  introduction

Background of the study

In recent years, particularly since the adoption of the economic laicism programme in nigeria in 1986, there has been a decisive switch emphasis from the grandiose, capital intensive, large scale industries project based on the philosophy of import substitution to small scale industries with immense potentials for developing domestic linkages for rapid – sustainable industrial development. Apart from their potential for ensuring a self reliant industrialization, interms of ability to rely largely on local raw materials small scale enterprises are also in a better position to boost employ raw materials, small and medium enterprises are also in a better position to boost employment, guarantee a more even distribution of industrial development in the country industry the rural areas and facilitate the growth of non-oil exports.

in nigeria the definition of small and medium enterprises also varies from time to time and according to institutions for instance, the central bank of nigeria’s (cbn) monetary policy circular no: 27 of 1988 define small and medium enterprises in (exchange general commerce) as enterprises in which total investment (including land and working capital) did not exceed n500,000 and or the annual turn-over did not exceed n12 million small and medium enterprises is one of the modern strategies under develop countries are employing to break into the “league” of developed countries fasua (2006) categorized business that fall under small scale as follows firewood, supply plantain production restaurant services small scale poultry raising, operating a nursery for children home laundry services and host of others. Business grouped under medium scale according to fasusa are soap production, commercial poultry profession appractes (law, accountancy, education) food and beverage production among others.

Consequently, both the federal and state government and recently local government, have stepped up efforts to promote the development of small scale enterprises through increased incentive scheme including enhanced budgetary allocations for technical assistance programmes new lending schemes and credits institutions for technical assistance programmes new lending scheme and credit institutions such as the national economic reconstruction found (nerfound), world bank assisted small and medium enterprises loan scheme (smes), nigeria export and import bank (nexim), the people’s bank of nigeria (pbn) and the community bank have also emerged at both the national and local levels to boost the flow of development finance of small scale enterprises which have so far depended largely on personal funds and credit from informal sources for both their investments and working capital.

Unfortunately, all these formal credit scheme have not been able to adequately redress the fundamental problems which have constrained small scale enterprises access to credit. The low credit rating of this class of enterprises is attributable largely to their weak capital base high mortality rate, low productivity and shortage of managerial skills. Indeed, the problems of weak capital base and poor access to finance appear to have developed into some vicious circle, leading to slow growth stagnation and even rapid demise of the small scale enterprises. The impact of all existing credit scheme interms of providing for meaningful and sustained development among the small scale enterprises had medium enterprises to serve the expected role of catalyst for rapid industrial development there is need for a more innovative strategy for improved access to development finance for the small and medium enterprises that would address their inability to provide collateral securities for loans formal credit institutions.

 

Brief history of nnewi north local government area

       nnewi is the second largest city in anambra state in south eastern nigeria. Nnewi as a metropolitan city encompasses two local government areas nnewi north and nnewi south. Nnewi north is commonly referred to as nnewi central and comprises four autonomous quarters, otolo, uruagu, umudiro and nnewi-ichi. Nnewi north also include ichi an autonomous neighbouring town.

as of 2006, nnewi has an estimated population of 391,227 according to the nigerian census. The city spans over, 1,076.9 square miles (2,789 km²) in anambra state. Nnewi metropolitan area and its satellite town is a home to nearly 2.5 million residents. As of figures as the largest inland town of all other in the eastern state.

 

1.2  statement of the problem

       small and medium enterprises are mostly managed by owners and relations. The financing in most cases in normally provided by the owners. The owners fail to realize the importance of external source of capital in order affect expansion in the business. In most cases, by the owner member of the family and friends in most cases. In another development small and medium enterprises experience difficulties in raising equity capital from the finance houses or individuals.

even when the finance house agrees to provide equity capital, the conditions are always dreadful. All the result to inadequate capital available to the sector and thus lead to poor financing, this leads to poor financing. This is the have of most collage industries in nigeria. About 80% of small and medium enterprises are stifled because of this problem of poor financing and other problems associated with it (chukwuemeka, 2006). The problems that emanated from poor financing include:

  1. Lack of competent management which is the consequence of inability of owners to employ the services of experts.
  2. Use of obsolete equipment and methods of production because of owner’s inability to access new technology.
  3. Excessive competition which resulted from sales which is a consequence of poor finance to cope with increased competitors in the industry. In view of the above, the researcher decided to investigate poor financing to the organization.

 

  • Purpose of the study

       the specific purposes of the study are: –

  1. To determine factors influencing small and medium enterprise in nigeria.
  2. To determining the extent finance house strict conditions have affected the development of small and medium enterprise in nigeria.
  3. To assess the extent poor financing has affected small and medium business operations in nigeria.
    • Significance of the study
  4. This study will help small and medium enterprises to access and appraise their role in solving the problems of unemployment in nigeria.
  5. It will equally serve as a guideline to researchers who may wish to decide with this study in the future.
  6. It will also help small and medium enterprise to make sufficient preparation in their request for the credit assistance.
  7. It will guide the entrepreneurs in making credit demands that are compliance with government monetary policy.
  8. The last but not the least it will help the entrepreneurs to displayed competence in preparing justification for their project. It is rear to see most of them coming up with cash projections, projected balance sheets.

 

  • Research questions
  1. What extent does the nnewi north l.g.a affect the operation of small and medium enterprise?
  2. What are the factors responsible for phenomenal growth of small and medium enterprise in nnewi north?
  3. What are the feelings of the customers on small and medium enterprise in nnewi north?
  4. What are the problems of setting up small and medium enterprise?
  5. What are the problems of managing small and medium enterprise in study area?
  6. What are the future prospects of small and medium enterprise?

 

  • Scope of the study

the study focuses on the problems and prospects of small and medium enterprises in nigeria using nnewi north as a case study.

the study intends specifically to investigate the problems and prospects of small and medium enterprises in nigeria the strategies adopted by them to survive.

 

  • Definition of terms

Management: is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively, management comprises, planning organizing, staffing, leading or directing and controlling.

Organization: is a group of one or more people or entities or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.

Resourcing: encompasses the development and manipulation of human resources, financial resources technological resources and natural resources.

Export: this term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country.

the seller of such goods and services is referred to as an “exporter” who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an “importer”. In international trade “exports” refers to selling goods and services produced in the home country to other markets.

Economic growth: it means designed to give a project in the science of products distribution and consumption of goods condition of a country as to material prosperity.

Small scale industry: any industry with capital not exceeding n750,000 including capital but exchanging cost of land.

Sole proprietorship: is a business owned and conducted by one person presumably assisted by one or more persons for intakes wife and children.

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