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OFFICE TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MATERIAL SAMPLE

Causes of conflict between secretaries and bosses

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Causes of conflict between secretaries and bosses

in anambra state owned establishment (ahocol  Company awka)

Chapter one                                                

Introduction

Background of study                                                1

Statement of the problem                                                4

Purpose of the study                                                5

Significance of the study                                                  5

Research questions

Delimitations of the study                                                7

Chapter two

Literature review

Meaning of a secretary                                             10

Qualities of a secretary                                            14

Functions and categories of secretary                      19

Types and characteristics of conflicts                      23

Summary of literature review                                   32

 

Chapter three

Research methodology

Design of the study                                                  34

Area of the study                                                      34

Population of the study                                            35

Sample of the study                                                 36

Instrument used for data collection                                 36

Distribution and retrieval of the instrument            37

Method of data collection                                         38

 

Chapter four

Presentation and analysis of data

 

Chapter five                                                 

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Summary of findings                                                       44

Conclusion                                                              45

Recommendations                                                  45

Limitations of the study                                           47

Suggestions for further studies                                       48

References                                                               49

Appendix a                                                              50

Appendix b                                                              51


 

Abstract

The major purpose of this research is to find out the causes of conflict between secretaries and bosses in anambra state owned establishments. The population of the study consists of 58 secretaries in anambra state owned companies. The sample for the study was the total population of the secretaries which is 58. Three research questions were formulated which guided the study. Nine (9) items structure questionnaire was developed validated and tested for its reliability. The percentage method was used in calculation. The major findings of the study were:

  1. That secretaries have more area of conflict with their bosses than areas of mutual friendship.
  2. The consequences of such conflicts affect the progress of the establishment concerned.
  3. That if the possible strategies or procedures suggested can be adopted by the secretaries the conflict can be remedial.

It is concluded that, it is important for the secretaries to have a good working relationship with their bosses to stop the conflicts and achieve the goals of the establishment, and bosses should provide or create a room for negotiation between them and their secretaries.

 

 

 

 


 

Chapter one

Introduction

Background of the study

a secretary is an assistant to an executive possessing mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision, who displays initiative, exercise judgment and takes decision within the scope to her authority. The webster dictionary of english (2005) however, defined a secretary as one trusted with secret of or confidence of a superior, adviser, confident or one employed to handle correspondence   and manage routine and detailed work for a superior. This depicts that a secretary is a skilled personnel who possess both executive and personal attributes in managing the affairs of any organization effectively and efficiently in order to achieve organizational objective. From this description, onasanya (1990) defines a secretary as someone who possess adequate knowledge of administration or organization and the ability to achieve results through hard work and management of resources or people on behalf of his/her boss. Its classification depends basically on experience and their functions are diverse and this depends largely on the field of specification. The cadre of secretaries tends to determine and at the same time modify the function of such secretary.

according to rule and byars (1983), performance is the degree of accomplishment of the tasks that makes up on individual job, but the performance of these function can be greatly inhibited by certain functions.

according to alancik and fetter (1977) a job is satisfying when there is a match between the characteristic of the job and the needs of the individuals. The determinants include self-evolution, expectation, social norms, social comparisons, commitment etc, for instance, if on e expects a job to be paying well,  and it is not, them he/she will be dissatisfied. Also if one is not evaluated up to the standard, she will also not be happy (dissatisfied).

the secretary’s satisfaction leads to organization commitment, while dissatisfaction result in behaviors is know to the organization. (turnover, absentee’s, low morale, etc).

those who are dissatisfied with their work never reach psychological maturity. They feel frustrated. Employees who like their jobs and other job related factors will be loyal and devoted employees. However, employees who strongly dislike and dissatisfied with their job or any other job related factors will often exhibits these feelings by taking absent or by taking more convert actions to disrupt the organization.

a conflict is a serious disagreement or argument. Conflict has become a feature of labor management relationship in nigeria while secretaries and   bosses in the industries should work harmoniously together for the betterment to the fulfilled in practice. Secretaries and bosses tend to have opposite views. This is because of the divergence between the expectation of management and labor in an establishment.

 

Statement of the problem

the secretary is flexible, technically good in their jobs and they are determined. Public concern regarding the conflicts of bosses and secretaries in nigeria has been on the increase in recent times. It is observed that many qualified secretaries desecrate their jobs and take to other professions entirely different from secretarial profession. Many secretaries that choose to remain in the profession do not seek ways of improving their management in an organization.

generally, the concern is more on the conflicts between bosses and secretaries; no mention is ever made of the factors responsible of these conflicts. Certain questions need to be asked in an attempt to recognize those factors that causes the conflicts in state owned establishment.

 

Purpose of the study

        the major purpose of this study is:

  • To basically investigate some of the causes of conflicts between bosses and secretaries in state owned establishment.
  • To examine the damages which conflicts between bosses and secretaries caused to different industries
  • To find out the consequences of such conflicts
  • To suggest remedy and strategies for solving conflicts between bosses and secretaries in state owned establishment.

 

Significance of the study

the study is significant for the following reasons:

The result of the study will enable the management to formulate a policy toward conflicts resolution in establishment industries.

it will help to highlight some of the factors which cause conflict between bosses and secretaries in a state establishment (ahocol) so that management will appreciate the seriousness of the problem.

the study will also enable the management to formulate policies towards conflicts resolution in industries. It will serve as a guide (especially in establishment industry) to enable them prepare their minds on how to take the conflicts likely to come.

the information contain in the study will be of assistance to students who might be interested in further research into other areas of secretaries and bosses conflicts not covered by not present study.

 

 

 

 

Research questions

  1. What are the factors that cause the conflicts between bosses and secretaries?
  2. What are the damages caused by such conflicts?
  3. What are the method used in resolving this conflict between bosses and secretaries?

 

Delimitations of the study

this study was delimitated to the causes of problem between secretaries and bosses in industries owned by the government and to enable management to formulate a policy towards conflicts resolution in industries.

Definition of terms

  1. Secretary – is an employee in an office, who deals with correspondence, keeps records and makes management and appointments for a particular member of the staff.
  2. Boss – a boss is a person who is the head of a company, not merely in change of subordinate workers but in charge of all lower level manager and supervisors, sometimes called middle management.
  3. Establishment – as a place where a business is carried on.
  4. Industry – an industry is a group of companies that manufacture products and services which are closely related to each other.
  5. Organization – is a social unit of people that is structed and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals.
  6. Conflicts – refers to some form of friction, disagreement or discord arising within a group  when the beliefs or actions of one or more members of the group are either resisted by or unacceptable to one or more members of another group.
  7. Skill – this refers to all activities that require the control of physical movements to be made.
  8. Performance – secretaries ability to carryout the duties and responsibilities demanded to his/her position.
  9. Source: oxford advanced learners (6th edition)

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OFFICE TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MATERIAL SAMPLE

An investigation into the strategies for improving management/staff relationship in tertiary institutions

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An investigation into the strategies for improving management/staff relationship in tertiary institutions

 

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of study                                                1

Statement of the problem                                        5

Purpose of the study                                                        7

Research question                                                   8

 

Chapter ii

Literature review                                                      9

 

Chapter iii

Findings                                                                  18

Conclusions                                                             21

Recommendation                                                     24

Reference                                                                 28

 

 

Abstract

It is no longer news that the standard of education in nigeria has drastically fallen. Different methods and approaches have been adopted severally to savage the situation, but it has yielded no particular positive result. Bad teaching method, poor reading habits, poverty, ill-equipped laboratories and libraries, are among the claims put by scholars that had caused that standard of education in nigeria. This paper examines the need to enhance the learning and teaching process in tertiary education through balance student-staff and student–student relationship to achieve a sustainable tertiary education system that will produce optimal results thereby salvaging the falling standard of education in nigeria.


 

Chapter i

Introduction

Background of the study

‘‘in view of the central nature of staff relationship, and the almost universal assumption that institution benefits management staff, and the importance of scholarship, it is perhaps surprising how relatively few institution have specific policies in place to either monitor or to develop and maximize these  beneficial synergies’’, (j.m consulting 200, p.16).

academic leaders and managers need to understand the conditions likely to facilitate links between management staff of an institution and the relationship existing within them (member of staff) and those that inhibit connections and seek to compartmentalize academic activities (locke, 2004, pp. 108)

this publication seeks to support institutional policy- makers to enable their institutions to maintain a cordial relationship between the members of staff and discipline – based scholarship more effectively. The focus however, is on supporting the relationships between staff and the inter-relationship among member of staff a higher institution of learning with respect to policies and practices.

in terms of the work of the higher education academy, we seek to support its strategic aim of working with institutions in their strategies for improving the students learning experience’’ (higher education and academy, 2005a.) And to ensure that the advice is based on research evidence. Ultimately, the central issue that national system and institution hade decide is ‘’what is distinctive about higher education?’’ however, what is distinctive about higher education is supporting student and the wider society understanding of the complexities of the worlds in which we live

Although, for many staff, their motivations and the sense of their role is highly shaped by both their own appreciation of, and belief i the value of relationship to other member wider society. While there is evidently much practice in realizing these values we also have to recognize that it is unevenly distributed, much is implicit and many institutional policies in this area are poorly developed and sometimes work against nexus.

in the long run, more recent research demonstrates the potential value of staff relationship to student learning and for motivating student to learn. This research also how that the linkage is not automatic, and has to be built systematically into the curriculum, department institutional and national planning questioning the value or possibility of the link also stems from the realities of mass higher education. Thus, the linkage might once have been readily assumed or delivered with small classes, selective student entry, and staff with time to teach and relate effectively clearly, if that golden age ever existed, it has now gone.

paul ramsden (2001), then pro-vices- chancellor (learning and teaching) at the university of sydney and now chief executive of the higher education academy, expressed this works perspective when her stated ‘’the main hope for relating a genuinely student-centered undergraduate education lies in re-engineering the enter academic institution of higher learning. The word ‘engineer’ suggests that the link does not occur automatically; it has to be designed; ‘created’; constructed; and brought about. The word ‘reengineer’ suggest that even if once the linkage did exist, it now needs significant ‘re-inventing’ to ensure it is in place or, even better, that it is embedded in many places and processes. Therefore, there is much that individual, course teams, department and national systems can and should do to forge these links (jenkins et al, 2003).

 

Statement of the problem

“the mission statement included retaining a core commitment to learning-based teaching and enhancing scholarship through clearly linking research, professional practice and teaching. However, it was difficult to find this mission executed in the policy statement. For example the only instance in the process of appointment, continuation, promotion, performance review, or application for study leaves for promotion to the rank of senior lecturer, whereby there was a criterion under the teaching  category, ‘ application’ of research to teaching. There was no reference to the nexus in proposal for new course student evaluation forms, review of department or internal grants procedure. We suggest that if such a case study was conducted in most universities, there would be a similar pattern of rewarding the parts separately, but rarely the nexus. It is therefore not surprising that the context in which academic works is part of the explanation as to why there is a zero relationship between teaching and learning. ( hattie and marsh,2004 pp5-6; emphasis added).

 

 

 

 

 

Purpose of the study

The main purpose of this study is to determine the strategies for improving standard of education in the higher institution as well as management- staff and relationship in tertiary institution.

To determine how reward system support the staff in binding teaching and learning together in higher institution.

To investigate the behaviors of the staff toward the students and vice versa.

To examine the performance of the academic staff and how it can enhance to the teaching and learning of the students.

To identify different strategies that must be adopt in the other to maintain good relationship between the staff and students in tertiary institutions.

 

Research questions

Can management and staff relationship improve the standard of education in the higher institution?

To what extent can reward system support the staff in bringing teaching and learning together in higher institution?

Can the behaviors of staff in tertiary institution improve management/students relationship?

How can the performance of the academic staffs enhance the learning habits of the student?

How can we indentify strategies that must be adopted in other to maintain good relationship between the staff and the student in tertiary institution?

What can be the barrier in the improvement of management and staff relationship?

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OFFICE TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MATERIAL SAMPLE

An appraisal of the roles and position of confidential secretaries in the civil service

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An appraisal of the roles and position of confidential secretaries in the civil service

of anambra state problems and strategies for improvement

Chapter one

Introduction

an office cannot effectively function without secretary. A secretary is very important in every organization. Secretary is the pillar of every organization. The objectives of an organization can hardly be achieved if a secretary is not employed. The success or failure of any organization depends on the secretary. The impression the secretary creates influence the attitude of the public towards the organization. Every secretary must be able to handle office equipment such as typewriter, converting hand written materials into printed forms mail room equipment, dispatch and receive of mails telephone instrument for communication purposes and the computer, a powerful equipment which renders itself to various uses. All these activities and many others not described here from the duties attributable to confidential secretaries.

therefore, before appraising the major roles confidential secretaries play in the civil service of anambra state. Let us have a brief concept of which a secretary means. Confidential secretary has been defined in various ways.

a confidential secretary is an assistance to an executive possessing a mastery of the office, the person must demonstrate the ability to accept responsibility without direct supervision assigned direction.

a mere servant, his position is that he has to do what he is told and no person can assume he has any authority to represent anything at all.

the above definition was made when the education status of secretaries has not been enhanced and their duties not clearly identified. As time goes on the positive of confidential secretaries has started to experience what can be termed as modification is occasioned by technological development, which afforded advancement in secretarial field. Many scholars and association formulated a coherent definition of secretary. Homby (1942) in his dictionary identified a secretary as: an employee in an office who deals with correspondence, keeps records, make arrangement and appointment for a particular member of the staff and usually called private secretary.

the importance of a secretary and his work in any organisation cannot be overemphasized he is the gateway of every employer as he is the first person to be seen.

according to unwin (1982) a secretary is an ambassador of an organization, more often. He is the first person whom customer or members of the general public come in contact. A secretary is also a person to speak than on the telephone, and first impressions are important, therefore, the secretary has the responsibility of representing the organization.

the national association of secretary in their view described secretary as: an assistant to an executive possessing mastering of office skill and ability to assume responsibility without being directed, supervision, who display initiative exercise judgment and makes decision within the scope of her authority.

oguniye (1978) in his handwork of secretary duties identified secretary as: that individual who has been professionally prepared through series of educational expose coupled with practices to records correspondence, minutes, finance, personal materials related to the affairs of the organization for which is employed.

finally, confidential secretaries are employed in various ministries constituting the evil service of anambra state. They play significant roles but are faced with many problems, which will be identifier in the course of the research possibly solution or strategies would be suggested, aiming at ameliorating the problems, encountered by confidential secretaries.

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OFFICE TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MATERIAL SAMPLE

A survey of the problems of computerization of office funbctions in selected business establishment in aguate l.g.a

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A survey of the problems of computerization of office funbctions in selected business establishment in aguate l.g.a

 

Table of Contents

Chapter one

  • Introduction and background of study ………………….1
    • Statement of problems……………………………………….3
    • Purpose of study……………………………………………….4
    • Research question……………………………………………..5
    • Significance of study…………………………………………..5
    • Definition of terms……………………………………………..6

 

      chapter two

  • Review of literature……………………………………………..8
    • Evolution of computers………………………………………..9
    • Introduction of computer……………………………………..10
    • Misconceptions about computer…………………………….21
    • Hindrances to computer application in nigeria organization ……………………………………………………..23

 

Chapter three

  • Research methodology…………………………………………31
    • Design of the study…………………………………………….31
    • Area of study…………………………………………………….31
    • Population of the study……………………………………….32
    • Sample of the study……………………………………………33
    • Description of instrument used data collection………….34
    • Validation of the instrument…………………………………35
    • Method of data analysis………………………………………36
    • Decision rule……………………………………………………36

 

        chapter four

  • Presentation data………………………………………………37
    • Analysis of data…………………………………………………37
    • Discussion of the findings……………………………………46

 

Chapter five

5.0 summaries of findings, conclusion and recommendation

  • Restatement of the problem…………………………………48
  • Summary of findings………………………………………….49
  • Conclusion ……………………………………………………..51
  • Recommendations…………………………………………….52
  • Limitations of study. ………………………………………….53
  • For areas for further research……………………………….54

References………………………………………………………..55

Appendix i………………………………………………………..56

Questionnaire …………………………………………………..57


Abstract

The contribution of the business establishment to the economic development of any nation cannot be over emphasized. Computer have also contributed greatly to ease the functions performed by this industries to meet its economic obligations to the nation. The computer as a very necessary tool has not been adopted by all business establishments. So many establishments on the other hand, have able seen it as a means of improving business transactions and keeping necessary data on customers and other services. Organizations which have not actually adopted computers, will see that its positive effects surpasses its negative effects if they should look into it. This study therefore is going to show the actual contributions of computers to the business establishments and the problems faced by the establishments, that has not gone into computerization. In trying to state the problem related to computer the researcher used both secondary and primary data. The main purpose of this study was to determine the functions of computerization in office function in some establishment in aguata l.g.a anambra state.  The population of the study consisted 94 people from 5 selected organizations aguata local government area.  The sample for the study was 50 people out of 94, which we drawn using simple random sampling.  Four research questions were formulated which guided the study.  A 14 items structured questionnaire was developed.  Mean were use to answer the research questions.  The major finding of the study were (1) any staff can loss his job if you are not computer literate.  (2) computerization can reduce the cost of service in organization. (3) when there is light it can safe time. (4) when the is qualify staff it can bring customer satisfaction. (5) to provide adequate machine can also make job sweet.

 

Chapter one

 introduction:

Background of study

One of the major objectives of most business firms, individuals and government agencies in installation of computer is to assist them in data processing, counting, information storage and to eliminate manual interference between data, input, information and output. In the past, counting and other simple arithmetical operations were performed by the use of parts of the human body such as the fingers and toes. Also used were objects like stones, sticks and drawing lines and works on the surfaces.

However, when the volume of data to be processed increased and also to need for faster processing and more accurate results become imperative, then aids or tools to be used for computing because necessary, hence the need for mechanically processing equipment, otherwise known as computers.

The earliest mechanical and to calculation used in china and other parts of the world e.g abacus or bead frame was crude, time – consuming and to worsen the situation. It was only used to perform arithmetical operations. To overcome the limitations of abacus, it was still necessary to carryout research on the improvement of the equipment and to invent a more sophisticated one that will not only solve the problem of country, but also produce an accurate results in data processing, business and management information for decision making that will be utilized in all sectors of any economy. With above in mind, computer came into being

The emergence of computer and also its application to various sectors of the economy may not come without problems.  Actually the usefulness of computerization cannot be over emphasized especially to execute office functions.  At nonetheless there are some problems to be encountered by firms, and government agencies that may wish to computerize their office function.

 

Statement of problems:-

        it has been know and recognized hat some of the problems of computerization of office functions range from lack of qualified staff to manage the computers and inadequate electricity to the displacement of manual work, this creating unemployment, embezzlement of public fund and computer robbing.

        decisions affecting computerization of office functions are i theoretical by an obvious fact and subjective judgment of most firms, individuals and government agencies.

the chief executive of a firm or government may have some of needs that may require the installation of computer system in such organization but such need may only be part or an aspect of the entire need of the firm of organization.  On the other hand there may be other benefits the firm’s may be exposed to if it falls to computerize the office functions.

on this note, therefore the problems are to identify the difficulties many firms, individuals and government agencies find themselves for having computerized their office functions.  I t equally expected that this study will go long way to establish or identify the relationship between computerization of office functions and the functions and the overall performance of the organization with respect to efficiency productivity and employment of both human and material resources.

Purpose of study:

This study attempts to investigation to the following points

  • To enhance the extent to which computerization reduced the cost of business services.
  • To know the extent had computerization had led to efficient information storage.
  1. To know how computerization of office function can reduce the time wastage for customers.
  2. has computerization help in office function.
  3. Also to know how workers use to consider computerization services.

 

Research question:

How does the development of computer reduce the cost o f office services?

2.to what extent has computerization led to loss of job and dehumanization in your organization?

Do you believe that of office functions reduce the timw wastage for customer’s satisfactions

  1. How workers use to consider computerization services in the organization?

 

Significance of study:

Computerization is very important for the development of our business organizations.

The study of the effects if computerization of office function in selected organization in aguata l.g.a is importance in the following ways:

  1. The study would help to discover the factors militating against computerization of office function.
  2. It would also enable the researcher suggest appropriate way of improving computerization of organizations in selected business organization in aguata local government area.
  3. It would as well acquaint the managers of business organizations with the knowledge of the sources of problems these figure head in business organization will able to design measure which will ensure greater efficiency in the execution of their duties so that maximum results are realizes at the end.

 

Definition of terms:

Software:              a diskette/drive flash used in storing information.

Hardware:            the machine that process the information stored in the software system.  A combination of eliminates, their attributes and interrelationships.

Third party application:  this is a program already made to fit the computer.

Turnkey system: a combination of hardware and software which is required to meet a particular business need.

OFFICE TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MATERIAL SAMPLE

A survey of physical working conditions and their effects on productivity of the secretaries in some business establishments

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A survey of physical working conditions and their effects on productivity of the secretaries in some business establishments

Chapter one

Introduction

  • Background of the study 1
  • Statement of the problem 3
  • Purpose of the study                                 4
  • Significance of the study
  • Delimitation
  • Research questions 5
  • Definition of terms

 

Chapter two

2.0   literature review

2.1   physical working conditions in offices

2.2   effect of physical working condition on the secretary’s productivity

2.3   summary of the literature review

Chapter three

Research methodology

  • Design of the study 35
  • Population of the study
  • Sample size and method of sampling
  • Instrument used for data collection
  • Method of data collection
  • Method of data analysis

 

Chapter four

4.0   presentation and analysis of data

  • Findings 41

 

Chapter five

Summary, concussion and recommendations

  • Conclusions                                         59
  • Recommendations

References

Appendix                                                                         66

Questionnaire                                                          67

 

 


Abstract

This study was survey of physical working conditions and their effects on productivity of the secretaries in some business establishment in enugu urban. The population of the study consisted of 150 secretaries from the selected business establishments in enugu urban. The sample for the study was to secretaries out of 150. Four research questions were formulated which guided the study.

The major findings of the study were lack of adequate physical working condition, affects the productivity of the secretary, improper planning, lack of funds and managers, indifference etc were also discovered to affect the secretary’s productivity. This study therefore recommended that: proper location should be chosen and secretary should be provided with a swivel chair, table and computer, making them comfortable in the office. In addition, the managers should make judicious use of allocation funds.


Chapter one

Introduction

1.1  background of the study

       the score of today’s business is seriously widening and becoming dynamic challenging sophisticated and highly competitive for any establishment to cope with the demanding nature of modern business and eventually accomplish its set objectives, it must practice art of scientific management. This means that managers of these business establishments must have insight or vision which will enable them plan and work towards achieving its economic objectives using all available resources effectively or efficiently.

the managers accomplishment of these objectives is a demanding task. The manager will require the services of someone who will help him to achieve or accomplish this great task which is the services of a secretary.

according to elendu, o. (2001) it is necessary to refer to definition given earlier and adopted by the national – secretaries association missouri, usa which says that the secretary is an assistant to an executive, possessing mastery of office skills and ability to assume responsibility without direct supervision, who displays initiative, exercises judgment, and makes decision within the scope of her authority.

according to okolo (2009) a secretary is a person who directly assists the chairman in the conduct of the meeting. The secretary is in charge of the secretariat and is responsible for all the secretariat functions of the meeting.

according to white head (1979) a secretary is one who must act as the alter ego of the chief executive. The secretary must be able to render such services as desired by the chief executive and also assist him to realize the organizational goals based on competence and efficiency.

the secretary plays essential role in any establishment/office. This means that a secretary must be a person of high responsibility and even qualified by training experience and temperament to perform these essential duties.

a secretary being able to carry out his/her duties perfectly, physical working condition is mandatory to provide. It is so because these help to make secretaries comfortable. Physical working condition according to elendu o. (2000: 1.8) said that it is not enough for an office to be properly located and laid out. It is also highly necessary to ensure that good physical condition are provided and at the same time will maintained, while obasi oko (1994: 950) enumerated them as orientation of the building, cleanliness of the office furniture and fittings. Physical working conditions and those things which is in an office that makes a worker to work for a long time without getting distracted and tired. The provision of adequate, attractive and conducive physical working conditions in the offices is of utmost importance. The manager should try to make the working condition comfortable and attractive.

the nature of the physical working conditions influences the performance of the secretaries in a greater way. If the office is not comfortable of conducive, it affects the job performance of secretaries, her mood and productivity. But a comfortable environment makes the secretary to be excited and enhances his/her performance and productivity.

in any office there should be maximum use of certain working conditions like lighting, ventilation, computers and others. Effective use of doors, windows, rents and skylights will save eyes, improve work and health, and it reduces the cost of lighting, heating and air condition. Base on these the provision of proper physical working condition in the office is sine qua non, if the productivity of the secretary is to be guaranteed.

this study is therefore aimed at finding out the extent to which the provision and lack of any of these physical working conditions have influenced and affected the secretary’s performance and productivity.

 

1.2  statement of the problems

the challenge of these modern office and the resultant challenge posed on the secretaries in the office and job holders have made the practice of secretariat functions too demanding and tasking. With poor physical working conditions there is usually disconformental fatigue and poor health, with its consequentes on productivity.

lack of adequate and proper physical working conditions in offices the secretary’s morale depressed resulting to lack of job satisfaction, sabotage and performance. In an office, lack of performance of the secretary will surely disorganize the entire system in the business for the organization.

Some people have ability to concentrate in the face of distraction but whether a person has this ability or not, it is the duty of an employer to make adequate provision for his staff, an environment conducive to work in order to enhance job performance and productivity. Absence of these physical working conditions in an office have made secretaries resort to truancy, lateness, indifference, absenteeism and the consequential rate of labour turnover of the secretaries.

 

1.3  purpose of the study

       the major objective or purpose of this study is to determine the physical working conditions in offices and their effects on the productivity of secretaries in some business establishments.

  1. To identify the major physical working conditions in offices and its level of availability in those establishment.
  2. To identify the problems associated with lack of these physical working conditions.
  • To prefer solutions aimed at solving these problems and make recommendations.
  1. To determine the extent to which the physical working conditions in offices affect the productivity of the secretary especially in those selected establishments.

 

1.4  significance

       this study is intended to highlight the major physical working conditions that should be present in offices. It will exposes the factors responsible for lack of these physical working conditions in offices and its resultant effects on the performance of the secretaries.

this study will suggest the various ways establishments and employees of labour could follow to provide these essential physical working condition for the secretary in order to ensure maximum serve as a reference material to other students and reachers who may embark on similar research in future.

 

1.5  delimitation

the researcher emerged the result of covering all the country and decided to limit the investigations to some selected establishments in enugu urban.

 

1.6  research questions

this study is intended to identify the following:

  1. What are the major physical working conditions in offices and the level of availability in those establishments?
  2. What are the problems caused by inadequate physical working conditions?
  3. To what extent do these physical working conditions influence your productivity?
  4. What do you think are the possible solutions to these problems?

 

1.7  definition of terms

Physical condition:         these facilities and conveniences in the work place that without distraction and fatigue that work can be done efficiently.

Productivity:                    the amount of production in relation to labour employed.

Secretary:                        an executive assistant who possesses a mastering of office skill without direct supervision, exercises initiative judgement and makes decisions with the scope of his assigned authority.

Environment:               the surrounding conditions of an employee, which influences his work.

Organizational goals:     targets or designed objective, which an organization aimed to achieve.

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