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MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC ENTERPRISES

MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC ENTERPRISES. A CASE STUDY OF DELTA STATE WATER CORPORATION

 

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CHAPTER ONE:

   Introduction

1.1   General Background        –       –       –       –       –       –       –

1.2   Statement of problem      –       –       –       –       –       –

1.3   Purpose of the  study       –       –       –       –       –       –

1.4   Research Questions –       –       –       –       –       –       –

1.5   Significance of the study  –       –       –       –       –       –

1.6   Limitation of the study     –       –       –       –       –       –

1.7   Definition of terms/ concept    –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER TWO

2.1   Review of literature  –       –       –       –       –       –       –

2.2   Theoretical framework     –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER THREE

3.1   Area of study    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.2   Population of study  –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.3   Sample size      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.4   Sampling method/ Techniques        –       –       –       –       –

3.5   Data collection Technique/ Instruments –       –       –

3.6   Validity and  Reliability on its instruments      –       –

3.7   Administration of the instruments   –       –       –       –

3.8   Method of Data analysis –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1   Analysis of Data Collection      –       –       –       –       –

4.2   Principle finding      –       –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1   Interpretation   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.2   Summary –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.3   Conclusion      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.4   Suggestion for further Research      –       –       –       –

Reference –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

Questionnaire –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

ABSTRACT

This is public cutlery on the ineffectiveness characteristics  of the  public sector. The question here is what actually is responsible  for the  general low  performance of workers in the  public sector?. The gap between poor motivation and low productivity in state-owned – corporation has to be filled. The environment in which its average  worker performs his job seen to be unfavourable to his or her maximum  contribution to the goals  and  objective of the  organization for these reasons, therefore this  research work is aim at  identifying roles motivation is playing in enhancing the  productivity of Delta State Water Corporation and  other  state enterprise. Recommendations were also forwarded based on the scientific approach of data collection. Some of these recommendations include that the tool of motivation should be made by the management to identify factors that are dearest to the heart of the workers and use them mostly. Secondly, strict supervisor or adherence to rules does not always provide positive results.

 

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL BACKGROUND

1.1   INTRODUCTION

In the traditional African economy the necessity to study the motivation of workers would not have existed. This is  because , in the traditional set up , a family group consisted  a self-sustaining unit  appropriating any surplus  for their  own  use. The workers owned the means of production as well as the  products  of their labour.

But in the modern industrial capitalist economy, a  worker trades his labour  power  and skill and gets  as reward   only an infinitesimal bit  of the huge  profit derived from his  labour. He  is isolated  for making decisions  as to   the products of his labour  are utilized  or disposed  of.

How them does the  workers keep  going on knowing  full well, that all his efforts are  geared  towards  increasing the profit of his  capitalist  employer?. This bring up the issue of motivation.

As pointed out by Hicks (1972), people do not  work in organizations for the  sake of  work  itself  but rather  with the  ultimate hope  that they will achieve  their  individual objectives by hoping their organizations accomplish their  objectives; in this  sense , the  degree  of  commitment  of members to actively participate and contribute   through collective efforts is based  on their perception that the  organization would  enhance their  aspirations. Expectations of workers  and what  is obtainable in the work-place, made  mark, (1884), to assets  that the  gap between  the expectations of workers and the  realities of work  results  to deprivation and alienation.

The state  is the  greatest  employers of labour  like the  private  sector. The  choice  of the state  owned  establish like the Delta STATE  WATER  Corporation is founded  on the  reason stated  above, that  is to  say the  state  is one of the highest  employer of labour.

State and  public enterprises  are  set up or establishged  the sole  aim of the maki9ng profits. In other worda, they are  non-profit making organization, but  established to  provide  services that would  not have  benne  taken adequate  care of  the private  establishment is to  make profit, relate d  to the  profit that is  operation make  so that  it contains  an  incentive element depending  on profit. It may not be  outrageous to say  that  any  motivational measure  taken  by these  enterprise  may  not necessary  arise  from a  genuine desire to improve  the working conditions and quality  of services  but rather  would be predicated  on the  one-sided  wished to increase the profits of the capitalist  employers.

Motivation is  state-owned  corporations therefore is a  function which  management performs  to stimulate  employers, effective  and efficient  contribution to the achievement or organizational  goals and  quality  production.

1.2   Statement of Problem

A common accusation against  modern  industrial  society is that  it has  made  work dull and spiritless  especially for the workers.

The environment, the average workers performs his job is seen to be unfavourable and inimical  to his  or her  maximum contribution.

Hoe to get members of an organization to work willingly for the attainment of its objective  and goals  has been a major problem.

Managers of labour make a  lot of  assumptions about what  motivates  or should motivate  their workers without taking time  to find  out whether  these  assumptions are  valid or not.

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ROLE OF MANAGEMENT IN MOTIVATING WORKERS IN THE BANKING SECTOR

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ROLE OF MANAGEMENT IN MOTIVATING WORKERS IN THE BANKING SECTOR

(A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIG. PLC. OKPARA AVENUE, ENUGU)

 

 

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Account Name: 3059320631

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ABSTRACT

This project work was carried out to determine the role of management in motivating workers in banking sector, using first Bank Nig. Plc, Okpara Avenue, Enugu State as a case study. The purpose of this study is to find out how workers in the banking sector derive motivation, taking into consideration the impact of management influence and the effect of this on productivity. Also research questions and hypothesis were stated to be used in generalization towards the end of this with the appropriates tools. The research design used in this study is descriptive survey method, were simple random sampling was used to obtain information as to the population of the firm, getting a sample size of 44 persons. The data collection was based on primary

 

data like questionnaire, personal interviews and data annual reports were also used. Statistical tools like chi-square, simple

 

percentage  were  used  to  analyze  the  data.The  research  findings

 

showed that worker‟s productivity does not necess motivation since every employee have a target to meet and also has

 

obligations to carryout. It was also established that motivation has relationship with personnel officers‟ pro underlying the issue is that what appear to create motivation on one

 

personnel in a particular bank might not act similarly in other bank, most especially in commercial banks. This can be deduced in the sense that motivation does not work in all situations as panaceas to increase productivity in all corporate organizations. Every indication shows that environment and fringe benefits play significant role in personnel manager‟s job satisfaction Based the findings. above, the researcher made this recommendation on how motivation in the banking sector can be enhanced to have an impact in productivity. The management should be able to identify what can actually make the workers in their own banks have adequate motivation and whether such motivation packages are capable of boosting high productivity. Lastly, the management should also endeavor include some packages like compensation that will ensure adequate job security and if possible work towards developing a policy for pensionable service.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Table of Contents –

 

– – – – – – – i
– – – – – – – ii
– – – – – – – iii
– – – – – – – iv
– – – – – – – iv
– – – – – – – vii

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – 2
1.2 Statement of Problem – – – – – 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study – – – – – 7
1.4 Significance of Study – – – – – 8
1.5 Research Question – – – – – 9
1.6 Research Hypothesis – – – – – 10
1.7 Scope of the Study – – – – – 11
1.8 Limitation of the Study – – – – – – 11
1.9 Definition of Terms – – – – – 13
1.10 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – 15
1.11 History of the Area of Study – – – – 18

 

7

 

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – 21
2.1 Theoretical Review – – – – – 21
2.2 Empirical Review (Definitions) – – – – 23
2.3 Intrinsic Motivation and Satisfaction – – 25
2.4 Implication and Application of Related Theories – 27
2.4.1 Process Theories – – – – – – – 29
2.5 Motivation and Job Satisfaction – – – – 32

 

  • Fredrick Herzberg‟sTheoryofMotivation and Job

 

Satisfaction – – – – – – – 35
2.7 Job Enlargement and Job Enrichment – – – 38
2.7.1 Characteristic of Jobs – – – – – 39
2.8 The Hierarchy of Needs Theory – – – – 41
2.9 Role of Management on Motivating Personnel workers – 48
2.10 Importance of Motivation – – – – – 52

 

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

 

3.0 Introduction – – – – – – 57
3.1 Design of the Study – – – – – 57
3.2 Area of the Study – – – – – – 58
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – – 58
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique – – – – 58

 

 

 

 

 

8

 

3.5 Instrument for Data Collection – – – – 60
3.6 Validity of Instrument  – – – – – – 61
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument – – – – 62
3.8 Method of Data Collection – – – – – 62
3.9 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – 63

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – 64
4.1 Interpretation of Data – – – – – 65
4.2 Test of Hypothesis – – – – – – 76
4.3 Discussion of Result – – – – – 84

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

 

RECOMMENDATION

 

5.1 Summary of Findings – – – – – 86
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – 88
5.3 Recommendation – – – – – – 90
Bibliography – – – – – – 93
Appendix   – – – – – – – – 96

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1.0                                               INTRODUCTION

 

 

One of the most significant developments in the field of the organization in recent times is the increasing importance given to human resources. More and more attention is being paid into motivational aspects of human personality, particularly the need of self-esteem group belonging and self actualization. This new awakening of humanism and humanization all over the world has infact enlarged the scope of applying principle of personnel management in organizations. The development of people, their competencies and the process developing the total organization are the main concerns of personnel managers.

 

Extension of organizations in banking sectors face the major problems of professional incompetence and lack of motivation among their employees. Further more, many banking sectors in Nigeria do not have a well defined system of personnel management. Proper planning and management of workers within extensions of organization is essential to increase the capabilities, motivation and over all effectiveness of personnel. Keeping this in view, this research discusses the various dimensions of workers as applicable to extension organizations.

 

One of the major role of a personnel manager is to recruit, select and place workers at their area of specialty; in other to boost these personnel functions and enable them work effectively, they must be adequately compensated. Compensation being a source of motivation increases the performance of personnel in workplace. Management must first consider what they can reasonably afford to pay their personnel workers and the ramification of their decision; will they affect workers‟turnover and productivity. In addition, management play vital role in motivating workers and they solely believe that pay can influence their work ethic and behavior towards their job. Moreover, social, economic, legal and political factor also exert influence on the rate at which personnel managers operate.

 

It is hereby articulated that the increase of management creating incentives as a source of motivation tends to boost and increase the rate of response of employees in an organization thereby increasing productivity.

 

 

  • BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 

The task facing management in various banking sector in recent times is that of determining what should constitute adequate motivation for the workers. To achieve these objectives

 

the environment for the performance of the individuals working in group towards accomplishing common objective must be maintained.

 

Personnel managers as well as employees are the single most important source in any firm. They are the keys to higher productivity and efficiency. Most managers have discovered that productive work cannot be achieved through command, order or executive fiat. The primary aim of personnel managers is to recruit, select and place were they rightly suit, in order words, improved personnel managers productivity and efficiency depends on individuals motivation that gives them job satisfaction. The themes of motivation suggests that personnels who have a clear sense of their own contribution to their firm and who receive effective feedback from their manager are more likely to experience job satisfaction than those who do not. Achieving goals and being recognized for

 

 

 

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COMMUNICATION AS A MAJOR TOOL IN DIRECTING FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT

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COMMUNICATION AS A MAJOR TOOL IN DIRECTING FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT

(A CASE STUDY OF NIPOST ORGANIZATION, ENUGU)

 

 

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ABSTRACT

 

The purpose of this research project is to reveal communication as a major tool in directing Functions of management, both primary and secondary data were used to elicit information from the sample studied the primary source of data were response from questionnaire and personal interview, while secondary source were form text-books on communication and periodicals.

One hundred questionnaires were distributed to the sample of the staff and management of the organization. There were ninety percent returned and 10% unreturned.

The study revealed that there is no effective channel of communication in the organization.

The investigation reviled that also that the organization takes grapevine information very important.

The researcher finally made a far researching recommendation which includes that there should be an effective channel of communication in the organization.

The researcher also recommends that the junior staff should be given chance to communicate face to face to discuss their problems.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

  • General Background to the Subject Matter
  • Problems Associated with the Subject Matter
  • Problems that the Study will be Concerned with
  • The importance of Studying the Area
  • Definition of Important Terms
  • Reference

 

 

CHAPTER TWO:      

    LITERATURE REVIEW

 

  • The origin of the Subject Matter
  • Schools of Thought Within the Subject Area
  • The School of Thought Relevant to the Problem of Study
  • Different Methods of Studying the Problem
  • Summary
  • References

 

CHAPTER THREE:      CONCLUSION

  • Data Presentation
  • Analysis of the Data
  • Recommendation
  • Conclusions

CHAPTER ON

INTRODUCTION

Communication is basic to the existence and survival of any human organization.

As a fundamental tool in management, it has been a primary concern to administrators in all-human institutions, be it business, military, government, education, hospital, research and so on. Whenever there are two or more persons working towards the achievement of set objectives or goals, success will naturally not to achieve if the importance of communication is neglected.

Danyer, (1972) defined management as “being concerned with the direction and control of an enterprises and involves planning and directing of the work of others”. These managerial function cannot be successfully carried out in the absence of a good communication network.

Peter 1955 (pg.112) in his book entitled “The practice of management” pointed out that “ a manager can only make his objective effective by communicating then to the subordinates whose performances required to attain then. He further emphasized that not do decisions have to be made, but they have to be communicated to whom it is meant to know what is expected of then.

In his own contribution, Chese (1984:p.78) postulated that “there is an increasing need for effective employee communication system if the firm is to achieve success?  He explained that” management is realizing that in order to maintain output for the firm, communication channels in the firm must be modern, effective and as humanly personal as possible”

The impact of communication in business organization and or on human being is very enorious. Communication consists for more than telling people things or what to do until a manager learns to understand and becomes skilled in the basic process of transmitting and receiving information he cannot possibly lead or motivate the work in the manner required to set the work done more effectively.

We often communicate unknowingly as others observe our actions and facial experience and drive inferences or conclusions from. “Expert have shown that the percentage of time allocated to communicate is very high ranging from 75% of our warring hours. Five percent of this time is spent in writing 10% increasing, 35% in talking are 50% in listening.

It is therefore not surprising to note that poor communication breeds, spreads and is always the root of organisational problems.

Decision-making is possible without communication effectiveness of communication in any organization breed’s motivation and high moral on employees with its attendant increase in productivity and profitability which is always the major objective of many business.

From all indications, communication is of paramount important in dealing with the human factors throughout his stay in the organization from recruitments to retirement.

Communication integrates the management function and relates it to both internal and external environment. Every system must have interaction and cohesiveness between its sub- system if the to the complex is to accomplish its objectives.

 

  • THE GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

The Nigeria Postal Services (NIPOST), Started as the postal branch of the posts and Telecommunications Department in 1851, when it was established in Lagos on an arm of the British Post Office.

The primary aim was to organize- well co- ordinate correspondent and remittance between the British Armed forces and consulted in Lagos, Benin Delta areas, the home government and people in Britain. Internal aim conveyance of mails started in 1931 when the Royal Air force conveyed mails by air from Lagos to Port Harcourt and Warri  “Nigeria was admitted into the universal postal union (UPU) on the 10th July 1961.

“The posts and Telecommunication Department was later split into two in 1985. This gave birth to Nigeria Telecommunication limited (NITEL)”,

Nipost became a statutory department in the ministry of communications the same year within this period the department was largely a social service oriented organization. Its services were labour- intensive but with low revenue yielding capacity.  These it was dependent on government for it’s funding in order meet up with its current and capital expenditure.

Today, Nipost has adopted a new structure and in therefore a fully autonomous corporation. Its policy control has been completely served or removed from the parent ministry of communication. The a acronyms  “Nipost” now means “Nigerian Postal service” as against “Nigerian Postal Service Department” that it was before the autonomous status.

This development was eshunicated by decree No. 41 of 1992. The social service implication of the organization to barely m5%.

 

PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF NIPOST

“The primary responsibility of Nipost is established by the decree No. 18 of 1989” were to deal with postal professional and policy issues as:-

  1. Exploration of additional sources for postal revenue
  2. Review of postal tariff.
  3. Strategy to promote development and maintenance of efficient, co-ordinates and economic postal services.
  4. World –wide provision of highly dependable postal link between and among manager’s nations of the universal postal union without discrimination to race.
  5. Provision of efficient counter and remittance services in the state of postage stamps, sales of money and postal orders, sales of international postal pay, coupon and post office registered envelope.

 

 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURAL OF NIPOST

The Nigerian postal services is headed by post master- General of the federation who is assisted by five Deputy post master General as follows:-

  • DPMG =  Corporate Services
  • DPMG =  Operations Planning
  • DPMG =  Finance and Investment
  • DPMG =  Engineering and Technical Services
  • DPMG =  Territorial Administration.

There are also units Heads called the senior Assistant Postmaster General (SAPMG), who also report direct to the postmaster General. These are as follows:-

  • SAPMG =    In-charge of internal Audit.
  • SAPMG =  In-charge of investigation and  security
  • SAPMG =   In-charge of commercial

units/public Relation.

  • SAPMG =  In-charge of Legal unit
  • SAPMG =  In-charge of Data processing
  • SAPMG =  In-charge of corporate Planning.

We equally have some Assistant Postmaster- General in-charge within the organization structure.

At the territorial level, the chief Executive is known by the functional title of area Postal manager (APM). He is assisted by Branch/unit Heads. The Branch/unit Heads includes-Domestic operation, personnel Administration, Investigation and securing, Accounts, Internal Audit, Stores, Project Execution/workshop, Commercial unit/Public Relations etc.

At the Districts level, the functional heads are know as the Head Postmasters, report direct to the Area Postal Manager of their various territories.

 

  • PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER

This research work will try to find answers to following questions:

  1. a) How effective is communication channels in NIPOST organization?

b)         Do subordinates atimes fail to communicate to managers/supervisors

 

 

 

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THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN AIRTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATION

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THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN AIRTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATION

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Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

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form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

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08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter contain the following, the background of the study, statement of the problem objective of the study as well as significance, it also mainly for statement of hypothesis which is a testable, tentative propitiation that explain relation between two or more variable or phenomenon.

 

 

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AIRTEL
Airtel as it is known today is not what is knonw as when it started operation. The company stated as Econet, later to Vodacom from tehvodacom the name was changed to V-mobile, from V-Mobile to celtel from celtel Airtel and finally from Airtel to aritel.

 

Airtel as a company began mobile operation in 198, and since then, they have built network in 15 countries, under license that cover more than a third of the population of Africa.

 

Their original holding company, MSI cellular investment, change its name to celtel international in January 2004. The Kaduna branch of Airtel which commenced operation in 1998 is located at Yakubu Gowon way, opposite zenith Bank Plc 11 kaduna, it also serve as the regional headquarters.

 

Mission
Airtel mission is to be Africa’s most desirable network, putting guide, clear and reliable technology into the hands of bustling population.

Carrier
Airtel is a dynamic place to work and they offer excellent carrier paths for talented and motivated people. They are especially taken to hear from people with experience in:

– Finance
– Legal
– Marketing
– Commercial and operational management
– Human resources management

 

All the candidates need to demonstrate experience, training and qualification.
Airtel is an international company, at the last count, the head office staff comprised 35 different nationalist so traveling or relocation may be a requirement. In November 2003, celtel as then known were proud to receive recognition of their commitment to the communities they serves when they won the SME around.

 

Airtel Kaduna branch as started earlier commenced operation in 1998 to expand the network in Nigeria, attending to customers with problem and also serve as the north west regional headquarters, in 2007 celtel Kaduna branch cease to be the north west regional headquarters, it was shifted to Kano. This is because Kano has the highest customers.

 

Airtel Kaduna Branch has about a hundred staff including expatriates, managerial, senior and peripheral staff these staff are train as the need demands.

 

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In must organizations today, productivity of employee is far below standard, some organization incurs a lot of lost inform of wastage cause by mistake arising from the worker inability to perform his job effectively. Another major problem face by organization due to the lack of training and development programmes, in job dissatisfaction most employees don’t find it easy in doing the job assign to them, because they don’t have the necessary skill needed to make them handle such job.

One major problem, is the increase rate of labour turnover in an organization as a result of the worker inability to satisfyingly accomplishing the task assign to him or her.

The above mentioned problem has nothing good to offer to the organization rather than decrease in services delivery which is turn affects the overall performance of the organization. It is therefore, base on the existing problem that the researcher is motivated to undertake this study in order to analyze the problem and provide useful…

 

 

Continue reading THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN AIRTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATION →

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The incident of poverty on educational development of the citizens.

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The incident of poverty on educational development of the citizens.

  (a case study of federal polytechnic, idah, students)

 

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Abstract

Poverty has been a serious problem facing all society over the years. This paper critically analyses the problems associated with poverty over the education of the citizens. It also analyses the causes of poverty and the various programme put in place for poverty alleviation such as family economic advancement. (feap) and poverty alleviation programme (pap) and various forms in which government has interfered. The question is how far have these programmes served as veritable instrument of poverty alleviation in the country? This paper suggests that even though these measures have not achieved much as poverty alleviation instruments because of their operations deficiencies, they are nonetheless good instruments that could be improved upon. This research also has found out that the increase of the crime wave is as a result of the frustration that the poor get from their deprivation of education by poverty. Workable and feasible solutions have been proffered for the problems on educational sector so that qualitative education of the citizens could be attained.

 

 

Table of content

 

Chapter one

1.0   introduction                                                1

  • The background of the study 4
  • Statement of the problem 6
  • Purpose of the study 8
  • Significance of the study 9
  • Research questions 11
  • Scope of the study 12

1.7   definition of term                                         13

 

Chapter two

2.1   review of related literature                           15

2.2   causes of poverty in the society                   19

2.3   the effective of poverty on educational development of the citizens                           22

2.4   efforts to alleviate poverty                            26

2.5   summary of literature review                       30

 

Chapter three

3.0   brief outline of the study                             32

3.1   design of the study                                      33

3.2   area of study                                               33

3.3   population of the study                               33

3.4   sample of the study                                     35

3.5   instrument for data collection                     35

3.6   method of data collection                            35

3.7   validity of instrument                                  36

3.8    distribution and retrieval of the instrument       36

3.8   data analysis technique

 

 

 

Chapter four

Presentation and analysis of data

4.1   presentation and data/findings

4.2   data analysis interpretation /discussion of finding

Chapter five

5.1 summary

5.2 conclusion

5.3 recommendations

5.4 suggestions for further studies

Bibliography

Appendix a

Appendix b


 

 

Chapter one       

1.0  introduction

formal education in Nigeria has been as old as the coming of the colonial masters. Its existence is not mysterious. They came in which the intention of extending their support administration, religion and culture to west african countries and also with the pretext for engaging in commercial activities with the inhabitants of those countries.

when they came to the shores of those countries e.g nigeria, they were unfortunately unable to communicate with the people in their language. They decide to teach the people the way of their life, their language. So some agreed with them and it makes those that agreed to be wiser than those that rejected the idea.

since the formal introduction of education, it has been identified by some beneficiaries that education is a liberating force, liberating people from the crunches of illiteracy, superstition, inferiority complex and other barbaric actions. But in spite of all these advantages bequeathed to us by education, it has been infested and confronted with so many problems which among them include poverty.

poverty has completely crippled the development of education in Nigeria. Right from time when education was formally established in the country with the imposition of some little amount of money on each student, many people who would have become the ambassadors and policy makers of this our country could not afford to pay such money then and it has absolutely jeopardized their future. The education at that time was left for few who were privileged to be born into royal family who were engaged in shabby business of slave trade or the family of wealthy farmers who supplies the European traders the raw materials they were looking for.

rather, the government identified that it has a very big role to play about the education of its citizens. It was observed that the richness and greatness of country depend on the qualitative and quantitative education given to the citizens. Now, the government has been turned out to be an obstacle to education by one allotting a reasonable percentage of its revenue to the education of the citizens considering their impoverished state.

The international communities have considered the plight of the citizens of the developing countries on their educational development and the difficulties poverty has posed on it. This can be manifestly seen through the activities of the UNICEF, an organ of the world body u.n.o. this therefore, examined the incidence on poverty educational development of the Nigeria citizens. Using federal polytechnic idah student as a case study.

 

 

1.1  background of the study

the federal polytechnic idah, kogi state was established in year 1992 through the collective effort of the community as a self help project. It is located in the town lokoja in the idah local government area of kogi state.

the concept, planning and establishment of the tertiary institution of learning were executed through the supported of the ministry of justice.

initially, the institution was approved by the kwara state governor as a college of arts and science in 1785. Then, in august 29, 1986, it was upgraded to college of arts, science and technology.

later, in year 27th august 1991, kogi state was created out from the kwara state, so the institution now is under kogi state (in 1991)

in 1992 the state government got the federal government approval to upgrade the state polytechnic idah to federal polytechnic idah. The government or governor on administration in that year (1992) was alhaji abubakar audu.

 

 

1.2  statement of the problem

the yardstick to measure the extent of the educational development of the citizen depends on the reasoning ability of the people. The behaviour, the approach to solving problems and the physical appearance of the citizens.

It is obvious that education is very essential especially now that almost everybody wants to be educated and enlightened. Many people want to be literate so as to be able to be informed because he who is not informed is definitely deformed and he who is deformed is abnormal.

 

poverty as a problem does not go alone. It goes with numerous problem that could be completely inextricable from. It drags some other problem along such as Mal-nutrition, low standard of living, shabby and tattered diseases. In other words all these problem hinges on poverty.

 

moreover, with the observation of this problem, baba danjuma (2002) viewed that “the pauper lacks the resources to send his child to school. And even in communities where education is free, the pauper child still faces an uphill task because the hunger of the body impedes the proper nourishment of the mind”. From the above explanation, it could be seen that poverty hinders the proper growth and development of children intellectually, educationally, psychologically and otherwise.

 

persons who have low per capital income will have their educational development impaired as they cannot have access to those things that make life worth a living. This study delved into how poverty affects educational development of the Nigerian citizen with a view to finding solution to it

 

 

1.3  purpose of the study

the primary exposes the threats and hindrances that poverty has posed on education development of the citizens.

to evaluate whether poverty is a condition that is desirable or undesirable and criteria for measuring poverty.

to ascertain whether the incidence of poverty on educational development is a seasonal or permanent experience.

To determine if the existence of poverty is caused by the citizens or the government or by both or either of them.

to determine and suggest how best to eradicate poverty and improved the standard of education acquisition among the citizens.

finally, to let the citizens understanding the importance of education in their lives despite the financial constraints.

 

1.4  significant of the study

this research work is significant in the sense that it has exposed the needs for poverty alleviation in the country as it has to do with the life wire of the society and create better awareness about the threats poverty has posed on our education, other significance includes the following :-

this piece of work will help us to study how our country’s development policy can help to reduce the living incidence of poverty and subsequently improved the educational development of the citizens thereby eliminating the permanent or seasonal occurrence of poverty in the midst of its inhabitants. The knowledge gained in this study will help us to know the extent of the damage poverty caused educational development and ways through which the anomaly can be ameliorated.

at the end of the findings of this work, the government should be made to know that it has a role to play in the abridgement of the income inequality between the rich and the poor so that the latter could afford the training expenses of their wards.

 

1.5  research question

1)    poverty only affects the educational development of the citizens or does it have facts of life that it trample upon.

2)    how does poverty affect the performance level of federal polytechnic idah student?

3)    what effort have both internal and international government put in place towards ameliorating poverty and improving the state of education of the poor?

4)    what does the poor do when they do not have access to education or when they do not or when they are deprived the right to education by poverty?

5)    to what extent does deprivation of education of the poor affects the society negatively?

 

1.6  the scope of the study

because of the plethora of problem infesting this study, we have decided to concentrate only on the incidence of poverty on educational development of f.p.i students. It is pertinent to note that poverty affects other facts of human life for the purpose of this study the focus is on educational development.

 

 

1.7  definition of terms

  1. P.i: federal polytechnic, idah, kogi state.

Income: this is the money one earns from the work one does or from investment one makes.

Per capital income: this is the income which every individual is supposed to earn in a country. It is calculated by dividing the value of the national income with the total number of people (population) in a country.

Poverty: a state of having far less limited resources against numerous wants, where a person is incapable of providing all his basic necessities of life (clothes, shelter and food).

UNICEF: united nations children fund.

Uno: united nations organization. A group made up of the rich and developed countries and some developing countries. It is established to take care of the world’s political and economic problems.

 

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