THE IMPACT OF PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY

 

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CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study      –         –         –         –         –         –         1

• Statement of Problem –         –         –         –         –         –         3
• Objectives of the Study –         –         –         –         –         –         4
• Statement of Hypothesis –         –         –         –         –         –         5
• Significance of the study –         –         –         –         –         –         5
• Scope of the study –         –         –         —       –         –         –         6
• Limitation of the Study –         –         –         –         –         –         6
• Historical Background of the Case Study –         –         –         7
• Definition of Key Terms –         –         –         –         –         –         9

 

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW

• Concept of Production – –         –         –         –         –         –         12
• Production Planning –         –         –         –         –                   –         14
• Production Control –         –         –         –         –         –         –         19
• Planning and Control – –         –         –         –         –         –         21
• Relationship between Production Planning and Control 27

2.6     Production Design and Process Planning        –         –         –         30

2.7     Basic Alternative/Process Selection       –         –         –         –         31

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research Design          –         –         –         –         –         –         –         33

3.2     Research Population –           –         –         –         –         –         –         34

3.3     Sample and Sampling Techniques          –         –         –         –         34

3.4     Methods of Gathering Data –         –         –         –         –         –         35

3.5     Justification of Method Used         –         –         –         –         –         36

3.6     Method of Data Analysis      –         –         –         –         –         –         37

3.7     Justification of Instrument Used  –         –         –         –         –         38

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Production Planning and Control are terms that though commonly used have witnessed a lot of changes both in meaning and scope in the past four years, for example, based on the extended view of production to include the tradition of all of production services both as discipline of study and as a profession can now be practiced in all organizations. As in other field of management, planning and control forms the primary function of the production management. It is for this reason that this research has decided to take a critical look into production planning and control as practical in beverage industrial sector of the Nigerian economy. This is informed by the variety of major product and beverage products in industry as exemplified by Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC), Kaduna.

Buffa (2002) defined production as the process by which goods and services are created. Production can be regarded as the central focus of any manufacturing concern. It is that stage where the real action takes place i.e. the transformation of raw materials (input) into finished product (output).

The Planning and Control operation are necessary because in every manufacturing unit there are people, machine and materials for production. There is the need to plan all expensive resources required for production in order to make effective use of them and maximize profit for the organization.

Modern production is complex hence both technologically related operation and administrative activities must therefore be planned carefully to make account of all the possible restructure, constraint and advantages. For planning to meet order at less cost, there must be production planning.

According to Mayer (2002), there is a logic behind the operation of the production process, it starts from the types of technology as well as the type of production in the particular manufacturing process.

Wild (2002) defined production as a managerial function that tends to design, plan what to produce, when to produce, where to produce and for whom to produce, the quantity, the quality to produce and for whom to produce. These function attempts to define the key decision model involved in production i.e. the long-term and the short term planning as well as identify the procedure and control in a cost effective way.

Apple (2002) defines production as the activity of transforming raw materials or components into finished product. However, the definition is clear that production essentially entails the transformation of raw materials into finished goods and services.

Production planning involve not only the types of operations to be used but the order of these operations as well as a time or duration the operation would take and how the plan should be laid out.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Most organization production processes are slow and the time given to complete a given task is always exceeded. This study intends to investigate and know the reasons behind slow productivity among the employees.

And most time, the use of quantitative techniques in assigning a job in an organization is not properly maintained, there is shortage of materials due to lack of good stock control. The scope and concept of production management is not fully known by some managers. The problem and solution of production planning and control will be discussed in this research work.

Lastly, the study intends to know the problems associated with the activities of planning and control in relation to…

 

 

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THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP PARTICIPATION IN PROMOTING COOPERATIVE SOCIETY
[A STUDY OF KRPC MULTI- PURPOSE COOPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD)

 

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ABSTRACT

This study examines the role of leadership participation in promoting cooperative. A survey method was used for the study 310 respondents were included in the study. They were member of Kaduna refinery petrochemical company (KRPC). A 18 item questionnaire was used for the study. The questionnaire was based on five likert scale. Three research questions were developed to guide the study. Frequencies and mean score were used as statistical analysis. Research findings show that leadership participation, if well practiced can play a very significant role towards member’s socio-economic development, such cooperative have helped members to develop the spirit of saving and held them to do establish their own business. It was recommended among others that extensive cooperative education should be given to members especially in the case of investment and credit cooperative.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the problem – – – – – – 2
1.3 Objectives of the study – – – – – – 3
1.4 Research questions – – – – – – – 3
1.5 Significance of the study – – – – – – 4
1.6 Scope of the study – – – – – – – 4
1.7 Definition of terms – – – – – – – 5

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introductions – – – – – – – – 6
2.1 The concept of cooperative – – – – – – 6
2.2 The concept of leadership – – – – – – 8
2.3 The role of the leadership participation in promoting cooperative 9
2.4 Activities involved in role of leadership participation in promoting
cooperative – – – – – – – – 10
2.5 The problem that militate against the role of leadership participation in
promoting cooperative – – – – – – 11
2.6 Summary of the review – – – – – – 12
CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 13
3.2 Research design – – – – – – – 13
3.3 Population of the study – – – – – – 13
3.4 Sample size and sampling procedures – – – – 14
3.5 Instrumentation – – – – – – – 14
3.5.1 Validity – – – – – – – – 15
3.5.2 Reliability – – – – – – – – 15
3.6 Procedures for statistical analysis- – – – – 16
3.7 Limitation of the study – – – – – – 16

CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 17
4.2 Answering research Question – – – – – 18
4.3 Summary of findings – – – – – – – 25
4.4 Discussion of findings – – – – – – 25

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 27
5.2 Summary – – – – – – – – 27
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 28
5.4 Recommendations – – – – – – – 28
5.5 Suggestions for further researches – – – – – 30
References – – – – – – – – 31
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 32

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Leadership is as old as human being, there is no human endeavour that does not require proper leadership (management) for it to function effectively. For example, government establishment, business enterprises, mosque, church, hospital and cooperative societies all requirement leadership to promote and make them function properly.
Therefore, leadership is one of that human instrument that regulate all organization effectively, they set up goals for any organization to achieve effectively in other words, they perform the managerial functions of planning, controlling, directing, coordinating and organizing.

The role of leadership participation in promoting cooperative is found as a research problem which aimed at identifying the importance of leadership participation in cooperative society so as to satisfy the members economic needs and the degree of productivity to be obtained from.
Cooperative movement however came into existence when these mutual obligations of traditionalist in the society were phrased out of their formal organization of business out fit.
This condition led to the birth of the modern cooperatives, as a result of industrial revolution in August 1844. These efforts were made by some industrialist with the same common interest. But in the case of our country Nigeria, it was slightly different because it was a reflection of it by colonial maters that we had Nigerians have greatly seen the need for cooperative movement, because an average Nigerian is faced with economic problems which is even worst that that which was experienced in Europe during the industrial revolution.

The word cooperative is distinctive, which must be made between formal and informal cooperative. In the widest sense cooperative means people working together so as to achieve their goals. But the most widely formal definition of cooperative is the one put down by I.C.A – 1995. Cooperative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their economic, social and cultural needs, and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise (I.C.A. 1995).

1.2 Statement of the Problem
The role of leadership participation in promoting cooperative society cannot be over emphasized, thus leadership plays a very important role in promoting cooperative society.
Leadership is a basic requirement needed for the success of any cooperative movement.
Therefore, any cooperative society that does not consider the above one is found to have slow promotion or no development at all and will eventually lead to all sort of problems.
From the past decades, cooperative societies in Nigeria are referred to as part time business organization, the management…

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INVENTORY VALUATION MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATION.

 

 

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ABSTRACT

 

The need for holding inventories is invented in any business organization.  The space of the inventory will be properly controlled so that the object of carrying or maintaining adequate inventory lauds at minimum cost can be realized.

The study therefore, examined the system of stock valuation, controlled and management in Emenite Limited. Considering the nature of the study and the company, a lot of data were generated from questionnaire administration and proposal interview conducted on staff of the industry.

Based on the method of data collection, the researcher found out that the system of inventory control is adequate in design and effective in operation as regards the determination of stock levels, which could be attributed to the use of scientific method in determining the quantity and time to order.

The researcher strongly believe that proper and accurate recording of the bin cards, thee use of scientific method in stock level

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

• Background of the study
• Statement of problems
• Purpose of the study
• Scope of the study
• Research questions
• Research hypothesis
• Significance of the study
• Limitation of the study
• Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Purchasing procedure
• Receipt of material
• Accounting Treatment
• Stores Routine
• Inventory Control
• Stock cost
• Inventory control Terminology
• Types control system
• Method of valuing material

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research Design
• Area of study
• Population of study
• Sample and sampling procedure
• Instruments of Data collection
• Validation of the instrument
• Reliability of the instrument
• Method of Data collection
• Method of Data Analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Presentation and Analysis of Data
• Testing of hypothesis
• Summary of Result

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Discussion of Result/Findings
• Conclusions
• Implications of Research Findings
• Recommendations
• Suggestions for further Research

References

Bibliography

Appendages/Appendages

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Inventory valuation, management and control is the system designed by the management of a firm to control its investment in stock.

 

This is found to be in existence in Emenite limited Emene, which produces roofing sheets and hard boards for ceiling.  The system involves the recording and monitoring of stock levels, knowing when to place orders and how many orders to be placed.  Effective, efficient and economic inventory helps to check the following costs:-

1. Carrying cost which include interest on capital invested in stock
2. Storage charged
3. Store staffing
4. Material handling cost
5. Transportation cost

Since management needs information on inventory as a guide to decision making, inventory handling should not be placed on the basis of trial and error.

 

Material control is an act of -management, which ensures the provision of the required quantity of inventories of the required quantity at the required time.  With the minimum amount of capital tied up.  It embraces stock control procedure, placing of purchasing, receiving, inspecting, storing requirement and issuing of stocks.

 

It is an important and difficult task, inventories are necessary in order to satisfy ever yawing need of customers and smooth running of an organisation, most organisation invest in large number of inventory items, irrespective of the system of storage adopted there must be place for everything are everything in it’s place for the stock weeping system to operate efficiently.

Floor space is very expensive and must be used to the best advantage.  It is therefore necessary to build warehouse for storing materials and provide things for feasible, bins racks and shelves must be provided.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

Problems of stock valuation its management and control exist in almost all firms except service oriented organizations.  The problems arise form the fact that most organizations (mainly manufacturing companies) based their stock control on human judgment approach rather than applying modern scientific models like recorder levels which removes entirely all elements of bias in determine stock levels, lead time provision, Economic order quantity (EOQ) and other relevant inventory models are conspicuously ignored.

The relative degree of weakness of the internal control system with respect of stock, leaves much to be desired especially in the…

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

(A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO COMPANY ENUGU)

 

 

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ABSTRACT

Decision is the point at which plans, policies and objectives are translated into concrete action.  It is noted that Managers, do consider decision making to be the heart of their job in that they must always choose what is to be done, they influences the ordinary employees in decision making.

The objective of the research is to know the impact of employees participation in decision making on organizational productivity in Nigerian public sector organizations.

Structural questionnaires were administered to 210 respondents which include the management (senior) and intermediate staff of the company, through the employees participating in the decision making will result to high productivity in the organization.

Data collected are analysed in a tabular form using a simple percentage of formular to get the findings.  The results were discussed in terms of the need for the employee to participate in the decision making in an organization to boost productivity.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

• Introduction

1.1     Background of study

1.2     Statement of problems

1.3     Purpose of the study

1.4     Scope of the study

1.5     Research Hypothesis

1.6     Significance of the study

1.7     Limitation of the study

1.8     Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of Related Literature

2.1     The Concept of participation

2.2     Factors that influence participation

2.3     Prerequisites for participation

2.4     Forms of Employees participation

2.5     Different needs for participation

2.6     View Expressed

2.7     Constraints to participate

2.8     Argument for participation

2.9     Argument against participation

References

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research Design and Methodology

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Area of the study

3.3     Population of the study

3.4     Sample and Sampling procedure

3.5     Instrument for data collection

3.6     Validation of the instrument

3.7     Reliability of the instrument

 

 

• Method of data collection
• Method of data analysis

References

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data Presentation and Analysis

4.1     Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.2     Testing of Hypothesis

4.3     Summary of Results

References

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Discussion, Recommendation and Conclusion

5.1     Discussion of Result/Findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Implications of Result/Findings

5.4     Recommendations

5.5     Suggestions for further research

Bibliography

Appendix

Appendix

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

It should be known first that a decision is a choice whereby a person forms a conclusion about a situation Costello, I Wand Zalkind, S.S. (1963 p. 334), confined the term decision making, to a choice process, choosing one from among several possibilities.  However, election theory in Costello, T.W. et al (1963, p. 387) largely considers decision as asking the process of making a single choice among course of action at a particular point in time.  This depicts a course of behaviour about what must be done or vice versa.

 

Decision, however, is the point at which plans, policies and objectives are translated into concrete actions.  Planning engenders decision guided by company policy and objectives, policies, procedures and programmes.  The aim of decision making is to channel human behaviour towards a future goal.

 

Decision making is one of the most germane activities of management.  It has been the preoccupation of all the management of multifarious organization ranging from small-scale organization to multinational corporations.

 

Managers many at times consider decision making to be the heart of their job in that they must always choose what is to be done, who will do it, when, where and most of the time how it will be done.

 

Traditionally, managers influence the ordinary employees and specifically, their immediate subordinate in the organization.  This has resulted in managers making natural decision even in area affecting their subordinates.  In Germany, around 1951, a law enacted which provides for code termination and requires labour membership in the supervisory board and executive committee of certain large corporations.  However, the participation of labour in decision making process results to relatively and peacefully labour management relations.

 

Additionally, the Japanese management WSES decision making by consensus in which lower – level employee initiate the reaches the desk of the top executive.  If the proposal is approved, it is returned to the initiator for implementation.

 

It is in this context, that the researcher wishes to assess the impact of employees participation in decision making on organisational productivity in Nigerian Public Sector organization, using Anammco Company as a case study.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

There has been a lot of controversy as to whether an employee should participate in managerial decision making or not.  Some writers argued that employees where it affects them or their jobs, it is expected that such participation will serve as training and testing ground for future members of upper management.

In Nigeria, experts that refuted the above assertion see the arrangement as a symptom of organizational.  They maintained that…

 

 

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MANAGEMENT OF CRISES IN AN ORGANIZATION.

(A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO PLC EMENE ENUGU)

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the Study
• Statement of the Problem
• Purpose of Study
• Scope of the Study
• Research Questions
• Research Hypothesis
• Significance of the Study
• Limitations of the Study

1.9     Definitions of the Study

Reference

 

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• Organizational Level Crises
• Forms of Organizational Level Crises
• Approaches for Managing Organization Level Crisis
• Intergroup Crisis
• Causes Of Intergroup Crisis
• Management Of Intergroup Crisis
• Background Of Anammco Emene Plc Enugu

References

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

• Research Design
• Area of the Study
• Population of the Study
• Sample and Sampling Procedure /Technology
• Instrument for Data Collections
• Validation of the Instrument
• Reliability of the Instrument
• Method of Data Collection
• Method of the Analysis

References

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

Presentation and Analysis of Data

Testing of Hypothesis

Summary of Result

References

 

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSIONS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

Discussions of Result /Findings

5.2     Conclusions

Implications of the Research Finding

5.4     Recommendations

5.5     Suggestions for Further Research

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTIONS

1.1          GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Industrial /organizational crisis constitute a very important component of the industrial relations system. They can be seen as any disputes between employers and worker or between workers and workers, which is connected with the employment or terms of employment and deployment or terms of work. They involve the pursuit of incompatible on at least seemingly incompatible goods by two or more parties so that gains for one party result in loss for the other.

Organizational crisis are usually more exciting to observers and so invariably attract greater attention and comment than peace. As a result in all countries, news papers contain more reports about labour disputes than labour harmony.

Keller 1954 holds two views concerning industrial conflict or crises. The harmony. Relation view: holds that conflict is unavoidable and only occurs because of abnormality in a stable and well integrated organization which has restore a natural homoeostasis while the other realistic view: hold that crises is inherent in any human encounter. It performs an integral part in any dynamic social system and is necessary element of change.

Dispute is the essence of industrial relations because the structural features of organization necessarily result in tensions among persons on different strata. The industrial relations system consists largely of maintaining a balance among these tensions in the interest of pressuring a going enterprise.

Organizational crisis are of the most part normal  and even necessary; They  have both advantages and disadvantages for the  enterprise, demands by worker forces management to search for efficiency or for new market in order to meet new demands.

On the other hard, demand which impair the efficiency of the enterprise or result in an unacceptably higher costs to the customer, threaten the enterprise’s future. For the society as a whole workers demands have been an engine for social porgies bringing shorter working how’s, longer holidays, better working conditions and many other improvements over the years. But the welfare of society also may be adversely affected by productivity where prices are forced up or efficiency excessively lowered and by the inflationary effects of increase in labour costs not covered by increase productivity.

Although crises are an element in the maintenance of equilibrium in industries comes abnormal, dysfunctional or pathological. Examples include crises accompanied by pervasive violence and disputes which results in major economic and social disorganization of a community.

In the cost majority of industries, the sources of disputes are to be found in tensions innate to the industrial relations system. Studied have shown that where people work together in an enterprises many interests are to be found, some shared, some not. The employer wants the operations to be a successful as possible whether judged by profit, non –profit or other measures of efficiency. The needs to keep his labour costs reasonably commensurate with those of his inspires managers and supervisors, but in addition they have other interests of their own as also the employees.

On the worker’s side their diverse interests maximizing wages and improving the condition under which they supply their labour, ensuring the securing of their job. Fair treatment from their managers, avoiding any unduly tough work place, belonging to congenial work groups and working in a sate and reasonably pleasant environment.

In addition, all staff in the enterprise may have outside interests, which affect their life within it. For example, work may share common objectives with comrades elsewhere through their trade union or even under aims through political movements, which influences their conduct at work. Their interests may conflict with the achievement of enterprise goals set by management.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In view of the fact that an employee spends the greater part of the day in his place of work and most active vigorous part of his life as a workman, it is pf permanent importance’s that working conditions should be healthy, convenient and attractive, that the work itself should be as interesting as possible and that relations among the employees themselves and between employees and management should be cordial and co-operative and not confrontational.

 It is in this context that we should identify the necessary skills for the effective management of industrial /organizational crises. It is the contention of this research work that for management of industrial crises to be effective,

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Crises are inherent in any human incentive and perform an integral part in any be managed. It generates problems between employees and the management, between groups in the organization and affects the society at large.

The researcher finds out the causes of crises and management of it in our case study Anammco Plc Emene Enugu chasing the working system, non-payment of wages and salary as at when due, non employees participation on matters affecting them, poor working conditions and management insensitive of employees welfare. These result to poor working morals, low productively on the part of the employees.

After analyzing the data collected from both secondary and primary, the researcher suggested or holds that crises can be reduced through two-way communication system, operative open door policy, ensuring good working condition. These preventive approaches were confirmed after testing the hypothesis.

The research methodology employed were questionnaire, collection of relevant textbooks, in all addition, statistical models – Chi-Square is used in calculating the sample size and testing of hypothesis.

It was recommended that management must be sincerely concerned with the welfare of employees, solicit and respect suggesting of employees and must realize that participatory management is the best approach to reduce crises and ensures obedient and higher productivity.

 

 

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