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age grade association as an agent of rural development

Age grade association as an agent of rural development a case study of nkpouno in idemili north local government area of Anambra state

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ABSTRACT

The research has attempted to study age grades association as agents of rural development, with a case study of nkpor uno town in idemili north local government area of anambra state to have a vivid understanding of this work, the work has divided into five chapters. Chapter one dealt with introduction such as back ground of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significance of the study and definition of teams. Chapter two deal with literature review and comprises of the concept of rural development, age grade associations contribution towards rural development, sources of finance to age grade association, community participation in rural development, the organization of age grade association problems in organization of rural development programmes and summary of literature. Chapter 3 (three) dealt with brief out love of the study, design of the study, sample of the study, instrument data collection and validation of the instrument. Chapter four contains data presentation and analysis with finding. Chapter five finally contains summary of findings recommendations, conclusion, limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   Introduction – –       –       –       –       –       –       1

1.1   Background of the study –      –       –       –       2

1.2   Statement of the problem –    –       –       –       4

1.3   Purpose of the study –    –       –       –       –       5

1.4   Significance of the study –      –       –       –       6

1.5   Research questions –      –       –       –       –       7

1.6   Scope of the study –       –       –       –       –       8

1.7   Definition of terms –       –       –       –       –       9

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   The concept of rural development –       –       11

2.2    Government development in rural development      14

2.2   Age grade association’s contribution toward

rural development –        –       –       –       –       17

2.4   Source of Finance to Age Grade Association –  20

2.5   The organization of Age Grade Association – 21

2.6   Community participation in Government Development   –       –       –       –        –       –       24

2.7   Problems encountered in the organizing

of Rural Development, Programmes-     –       28

2.7   Summary of literature review –      –       –       30

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0   Brief out line of the study-     –       –       –       32

 3.1 Design of the study         –       –       –       –       32

3.2   Area of the study –  –       –       –       –       –       33

3.3   Population of the study  –       –       –       –       34

3.4   Sample of the study –     –       –       –       –       34

3.5   Instrument of data collection –       –       –       36

3.6   Validation of the instrument –       –       –       37

3.7   Distribution and Retrieval of the Instrument   38

3.8   Method of data analysis –       –       –       –       38

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   Data Presentation and Analysis –  –       –       39

4.1   Findings –       –       –       –       –       –       –       46

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE    

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

 5.0 Summary of findings –    –       –       –       –       49

5.1   Recommendation    –       –       –       –       –       51

5.2   Conclusion      –       –       –       –       –       –       53

5.3   Limitation of the study   –       –       –       –       56

5.4   Suggestions for further study –      –       –       57

References      –       –       –       –       –       –       58

Appendix –       –       –       –       –       –       –       60

Questionnaires –     –       –       –       –       –       61

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCTION

This research work focuses on the age grade association as an agent of rural development this is very important especially at this time when emphasis are on developing rural areas.

It is disheartening to note that despite all the efforts of the government, federal, state and local is development at the rural areas through polices and programmes like better life for rural women, directorates of food, roads and rural infrastructure (DFRRI) rural electrification scheme power evaluation etc development in rural area still remain a mirage.

It is on this note that contemporary scholars now advocate for a better drastic approach to be adopted to rural development this strategies like the private sector, the use of non government organizations (NGOS) and the various community institutions like the age grade it is on these background that this work is set into evaluating the roles the age grade association as an agent of rural development.

  • BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In recent years the federal state and local government have been calling for all ramifications development especially from the rural areas, first to facilitated national development in the country the grassroots must be development first.

Obiukwu and Olisa (1992) defined rural development as a concerned improvement of the living standard of the population living in the rural areas on a self- sustaining basis through transforming the socio-economic, socio- spatial and structure of their productive activities, it deals with those methods and strategies designed to improve the economic and social life of the people in rural dwellers.

Age grade association is a social institution that constitutes important system in the social structure of any given society the age grade comprises of persons who are regarded as mates or born within the same age range.

Jeffery, (1950) sees age grade association as “a duty formalized social institution”. Rural development is a situation where the rural dwellers are provided with the basic news of life such as food, water, shelter enjoyed by the urban dwellers.

There are basic needs or amenities absent or lacking in Nkpor Town. The age grades association help to harness the provision of the above mentioned needs by each group taking up one or more of the needs or projects, hence making them a variable to the rural dwellers.

This study is prompted by a desire to see how this age grade association can be mobilized to assist in the development of Nkpor Uno.

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

       Over the years, several efforts have been made by the federal, stated and local government towards the development of rural communities n the country. However, despite these giant strides by the government of different levels, the rural area has remained under developed.

Contemporary scholars has emphasized that for rural areas to developed, effort should be shifted from government being seen as the major key players in the rural development to the participation of other key players like age grade, Non governmental organization (NGOS) etc. This research work is thus set into evaluating the role of age grade in rural development.

 

1.3  PURPOSE OF THE STUDY                                The objectives or purpose of these study is to analyze the roles of age grade association towards rural and urban development especially in the area of Agriculture, health, economy etc. Also to determine the problem s associated with age grade association in performing their duties functions towards the development of the rural communities and make some recommendations based on the findings.

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work on “Age Grade Association of rural development will be immensely significant to all and surrounding. This is because development is what will affect everybody in the society, the work will thus expose the various roles of age grade vis-à-vis rural development which any community aspiring to be developed may embraced. The study will as well beneficial to government at various levels, as it will reveal to them the need for youth improvement so as to place the age grade association in a better place to develop the rural areas. Moreover students embarking similar research of this, sort will find this work most beneficial as it will reveal to them all that is required to actualize a work of these natures.

  • RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The rising expected question which answers topic of this nature is of paramount or great important. The question, which were used to know the level or evaluate the role of age-grade association as agent of rural development towards all ramifications, development are;

  1. To what extent has age grade associations helped to the development of rural areas?
  2. To what extent has the objectives of those age grade association been achieved in this town (Nkpor Uno)?
  • To what extend is the age grade association system organized in Nkpor town?
  1. What is the their achievement in the town (Nkpor Uno) since their evolution or creation in eastern Nigeria?
  2. What levels of achievement have this age grade association reach in enhancing health and education of the rural people?
  • SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research work focuses on Age Grade Association as an agent of rural development and in view of different age grade association in Eastern or Igbo land, the study has been restricted on the Nkpor Uno in Idemili North Local Government Area in Anambra State with Nkpor Uno age grade as a case study.

  • DEFINITION OF TERMS
  • Rural Development: is a method designed to improve the economic and social lives of the rural dwellers. It involves the extending of development to the poorest in the society.
  • Age Grade: Is regarded as a mates or persons who are born with the same range.
  • Agent: A person or thing that has an important effect on a situation.
  • Self Help: This is a means or strategy by which the inhabitants of the rural area or community co-cooperatively under take the task of improving their community by using their resources and efforts.

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The uses of committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making in nigeria public service

The uses of committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making in nigeria public service

(a case study of University basic education board, awka, anambra state)

 

 

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Chapter one

1.0   introduction                                                 1

1.1   background of the study                             3

1.2   statement of the problem                            6

1.3   purpose of the study                                    7

1.4  significance of the study                              8

1.5   research question                                        9

1.6  scope of the study                                       10

1.7   limitations of the study                               11

1.7   definitions of terms                                     11

 

Chapter two

Literature review

2.1   the concept of communities and group meetings

In general                                                     16

2.2   history of universal basic education board 26

2.3  universal basic education board                  33

2.4  the chairman and function                          37

2.5    general overview of the laws of group meetings 39

2.6   uses of communities and group meetings

Universal basic education board                 47

2.7  the summary                                               53

2.8   gap in literature                                           53

 

Chapter three

3.0   research design and methodology        55

3.1  design of the study                                      55

3.2  area of the study                                         56

3.3   population of the study                                       56

3.4   sample size and sampling technique           57

3.5   instrument for data collection                     58

3.6  validity and reliability of the instrument     59

3.7    distribution and retrieval of the instrument       60

3.8  method of data collection                            61

 

Chapter four

4.0   data presentation and analysis                   62

4.1   presentation of findings                                      62

4.2   discussion/analysis of finding                     76

 

 

 

 

Chapter five

Summary, conclusion and recommendations

5.1   summary                                                     78

5.2   conclusion                                                   81

5.3   recommendation                                         82

References                                                   85

Appendix a                                                   87

Appendix b                                                    88


 

Abstract

The major purpose of this study is to examine the uses of committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making in Nigerian public organization using universal basic education board, awka anambra state as the case study in the course of findings, the researcher made use of primary and secondary data in arriving at its findings. Simple percentage was used to answer and analyzed the research questions. The researcher, however  discovered that the uses of committees and groups meetings in enhancing decision making in nigeria public organization ensures (i) quick decision making in an organization (ii) allow for an adequate treatment of issues that are technical in nature (iii) gives rooms for appropriate decision to be taken on matters that affect the whole organization. (iv) gives an opportunity to involve greater number of legislators in decision making in an organization. The researcher recommends that government at various level should try as mush as possible to enhance the uses of committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making in nigeria public organization in order to ensure greater participation legislators and welfare of citizens in general.


 

Chapter one

  • Introduction

Mckenna and flenning (1977) defined committee as “group of individuals which is formed to consider and report various matters which have been referred to them”. At the unset, it will be necessary to explain in a compendium the two major terms of the topic for better understanding.

A committee can be for an important issue and in that, it is responsible to the body which forms it and infact reports to it at the end of its assignment.

While there is a specific and special connotation on the formation of committees towards the performance of their indentified and specific task. A meeting according to shas (1965) is an assembly of persons and such assembly may arise in circumstance infinitely diverse in their character and combination. From these definitions, a group meeting is just a meeting of a group of people with common objectives and interest, and in that sense, it may be a committee.

The primary pre-occupation of universal basic education board (ubeb) anywhere is basically looking after the affairs of the primary school students in the state, this is because through them, the states can ascertain the condition of things comprehensively but only through their board of directors and such meetings decisions can be reached on its varied functions.

Since the organization time is limited, matters to be dealt with most times are either technical or highly specialized. The need therefore arises to form a committee to solve the problem. This is exactly the case in the universal basic education board, awka, anambra state, while a body of many members concentrate on discussing the principles the committee of few members are formed to discuss the details of the proposal and report back to the full body of the organization with recommendations.

 

  • Background of the study

The uses of committees and group meetings is a very important issue and that is the reason for the creation of the committees for the organization. They have the power to coordinate the activities of the state primary school. It aims at pushing the local people on the path to educational development. It means that committees and group meetings has to do with the group of elite or selected people superimposed authority to see affairs, social well being of the state primary school. The existence of committees and group meetings in the universal basic education board must not stand on its own, they must be dependent on the chairman of the board or have the total delegated power or authority from the chairman for smooth functioning. Most often, some matters in the organization requires expertise and specialist knowledge such matters are handle better of committee who  in turn reports to the board who takes the final decision. A committee must have a chairperson or can be headed by a chairman who directs the meetings proceedings.

The research study is concerned with the effect on the uses of committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making in the universal basic education board, awka, anambra state. A close look at the evolutionary trend of the committee and group meetings in enhancing decision making in the universal basic education board. The universal basic education board programme was established in nigeria with an act of the national assembly in 1999 during the general olusegun obasanjo’s administration. This led to the re-organization of the board to focus on promoting education and providing formal basic education encompassing the first nine (9) years of schooling, i.e. Primary and junior secondary education for all children in anambra state. For this reason, the board was renamed, the state universal basic education board and this has equally led to the board forming a committee with the commissioner for education among the committee members to establish and manage schools, and provide formal education to local communities as well as provides facilities and enabling environment for early stimulation of the young child.

  • Statement of the problems                

The universal basic education board in anambra state has been facing a lot of problems. The major reasons in which the universal basic education board was established are for administrative efficiency, provisions of education as well as provisions of social amenities. Unfortunately, most of the universal basic education boards in nigeria have not been able to perform those assigned functions expected of them. This ugly situation was caused by the following factors.

  1. Inadequate funds for the universal basic education to execute some of its projects in the state. Inadequate revenue from both the external source and that of internally generated revenue.
  2. There is lack of skilled man-power to implement policies aimed at achieving educational development, all these factors are combined to affect the quality of education.
  3. Corruption among officials: it is also instructive to note that the phenomenon of corruption is compounding the problem of shortage of funds in the implementation of the uba programme. Even, where the allocated funds is not enough, the little that is made available is usually embezzled by corrupt officials working in the board.

 

  • Purpose of the study

The general purpose of this study is to examine the use of committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making in the universal basic education board, awka, anambra state.

  1. To know the extent to which committees and group meetings has helped in enhancing decision making in the universal basic education board in anambra state.
  2. To determine the factors militating against the effectiveness of committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making in the universal basic education board, anambra state.
  3. To proffer solutions to the problems facing the effective and efficient committee and group meetings in anambra state universal basic education board.

 

  • Significance of the study

The significance of this study will contribute immensely to the enthronement of efficient and effective management in the uses of committees and group meetings towards enhancing decision making in anambra state universal basic education board.

To students and researchers, the findings will serve as reference materials when embarking on related research work of this nature. And to the general public, this study will serve as an “eye opener” to them in order to determine the major impact of the uses of committees and group meeting in enhancing decision making in the society.

Finally, the government of the country will generally benefit immensely from the study as it will substantially enable them to understand better how to use committees and group meetings top enhance decision making across the country’s public service.

 

  • Research questions

To arrive at the realistic finding, the researcher sought out the following research questions which are very relevant to the purpose of this study.

  1. To what extent has committees and group meetings helped in enhancing decision making in the universal basic education board?
  2. What are the factors militating against the effective committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making the universal basic education board?
  3. How can the problems facing the effectiveness and efficiency of committees and group meetings be solved in anambra state universal basic education board?
    • Scope of the study

This research work is mainly carried out to discover how efficient and effective is committees and group meetings in enhancing decision making in the universal basic education board, with particular reference to ube, awka, anambra state.

 

  • Limitation of the study

The researcher faced time constraints and was enable to carryout a comprehensive research and visit as many universal basic education board as possible.

Also, there was inadequate fund for the effective financing of the research work. The reluctance of the people to divulge informations was also a major limitation. Despite the limitations, the researcher did a thorough study.

 

  • Definition of terms
  1. Organization: it is a body or association of persons united by common purpose, having various functions to perform.
  2. Development: this is a widely participation process of directing social changes in a society. It aimed at bringing both social and material advancement for the majority of the people through their gaining greater controls over their environment.
  3. Committee: a group of individual which is formed to consider and report on various matter which have been referred or assigned to them.
  4. Basic: forming the part of something that most necessary and from which other thing develop.
  5. Education: a process of teaching, training and learning especially in school or colleges to improve knowledge and develop skills.
  6. Board: a group of people who have power to make decision and control. A company or other organization.
  7. Committees and group meetings:

Committees are sessions and compositions of individuals or exports, set up to deal with issues in the organization at the formative state or to tackle other matters which are better discussed in camera/secret by a few people.

The committees in the universal basic education board are mainly but the most outstanding ones are as follows:

  1. The standing committee
  2. The committee of wages and means
  3. The selected committee.

Their major importance rest in their capabilities to arrive at decision within speed and precision and to address issues for which they are established.

  1. Univer
  2. sal basic education board:

The universal basic education board is the composition of people who are gainful employed into the civil service for comprehensive administration of the primary school students affairs in the state. The individuals who make up the board are admitted through examination or interviews.

 

 

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THE ROLE OF WORKERS IN SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT

THE ROLE OF WORKERS IN SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT

(A CASE STUDY OF CENTRAL HOSPITAL  AGBOR DELTA STATE)

 

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CENTRAL HOSPITAL AGBOR 4
  • PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 5
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5
  • SCOPE OF THE STUDY 6
  • LIMITATIONS 7
  • DEFINITION OF TERMS 7
  • REFERENCE 8

CHAPTER TWO

  • FUNCTION OF THE CENTRAL HOSPITAL AGBOR
  • ROLES OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT IN CENTRAL HOSPITAL AGBOR
  • TYPES OF CASES HANDLED AND DURING MY INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT THE SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT CENTRAL HOSPITAL AGBOR
  • PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AS RELATED TO THEORIES OF SOCIAL WORK 18
  • FORMAT FOR REFERRAL CENTRAL  HOSPITALM.B 2025 AGBOR                                                         19
  • REFERENCES 25

CHAPTER THREE

  • CONCLUSION 28
  • RECOMMENDATION 29
  • REFERENCES 31

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED

SOURCES OF DATA

TREATMENT OF DATA

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

          Social welfare  services is a system  of law programmes and benefits which strengthens or assume provision for meeting social need recognized as basic for the welfare of the population and for the functioning of he social order.  

          They are services oriented while social workers in social welfare services carry-out  those services in the hospital that are considered as a integral professional part of the institution.

The aim of this long essay is a analyze the ways in which social work in social  welfare department contribute to the maintenance of social order.

Social welfare department is found in most hospital in Nigeria the social welfare services are rendered in the hospital in order to promote the optimum health of patient populations.

The social welfare departments are usually interested in the social aspects of the patients illness treatment and rehabilitation’s .

The social welfare department does not work with every patient coming  to the hospital, the department renders services only to those patients whose social situations are responsible either in causing the illness or in retarding the process of recovering.

The social welfare department may have cause to render services to all patience if there is any reason to suspect that all the disease in which a potential social problem  is suspected.

The department may have to render  services to all patients coming to the hospital with the confirmed cases of typhoid, , malaria or T.B.

The social welfare department does  a lot ease the social problem that exist within the hospital or rather   find a permanent situation into resolving it.

The social welfare department was establish in 1972 in the hospital by the colonial masters. It is in this department that social work practices is carried out extensively.

The social welfare department at the central hospital, Agbor has a staff strength of two and the department at the central hospital, Agbor has a staff  strength of two and the department is headed by Mr. S. Okoh.

All clients who need social assistance are treated alike with out prejudice, irrespective   of their social class ethics and religious background. The social situation of clients  in the entire discussion are critically and carefully understood, to ensure that the problem is know because the client might not   open up properly even after the first meeting  with the social worker.

For the social  welfare department to be able to perform their roles, the social workers in the department must exhibit these qualities.

  1. The social worker must perceive clearly and understand the dynamic of human behaviour of the clients, so that the can help them develop self direction, problem solving mechanism which when applied to other area of social functioning, results in the development of antonomous functioning.
  2. He should not discriminate against any client or patient irrespective of his status .
  3. He should not be too flashy
  4. He should not be
  5. The social worker should be able to accept the profession and the client.
  6. His work must be carried out in confidentiality.

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF PERSONNEL SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

THE IMPACT OF PERSONNEL SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

(A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU).

 

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ABSTRACT

The topic about to be study is “The impact of personnel satisfaction on organizational growth and development”- a case study of ANAMMCO ltd EMENE ENUGU.

Personnel satisfaction has been an issue that employers neglect for a very long time now, but if critically examined we will understand that it is the truth that personnel satisfaction directly affects the outputs of any firm.

The sample is made up of 100 staff-30 administrative staff, 40 intermediate staff and 30 junior staff.

This is because these 3 categories of workers cuts across were analyzed under the following sub headings:

  1. Overall view of respondents on the personnel satisfaction on organizational growth ad development.
  2. Administrative staffs view on the impact of personnel satisfaction on organizational growth and development.
  3. Intermediate staffs view on the impact of personnel satisfaction on organizational growth and development.
  4. Junior staffs view on the impact of personnel satisfaction on organizational growth and development.

From the information gather, on over whelming majority of the respondents agreed that the personnel of an organization can really be satisfied with the management when the management of the organization is performing up to expectation (to an accepted degree) and out it is such satisfactions that can induce the personnel to put in their efforts thereby affecting the level of out positively.

Furthermore the hypothesis were all tested using the chi-square formula and all the hypothesis were all proved correct.

My sources of data include direct interview and questionnaires sometimes I had to use phone conversation  to get the information I want.

The data collected was analyzed in chapter four (4) of the research report.

This project shall be needed by the management of ANAMMACO LTD, since it will suggest move and better ways they can to improve their overall personnel performance. Also, all employers will find it useful and student inclusive.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the study
  • Statement of the problem
  • Purpose of the study
  • Scope of the study
  • Research hypothesis
  • Significance of the study
  • Limitation of the study

Reference:

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • Historical perspective of the study
  • Relevant theories
  • Current literature
  • Purpose of personnel management
  • Concept of personnel satisfaction
  • The impact of personnel satisfaction in productivity

Reference

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

  • Research design
  • Area of study
  • Population for study
  • Sample and sampling techniques
  • Instrument of data collection
  • Validation of instrument used
  • Reliability of the instrument
  • Method of data collection
  • Method of data analysis

References

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • Presentation and analysis of data
  • Testing of hypothesis
  • Summary of results.

References

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSIONS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSIONS.

  • Discussions of results/findings
  • Conclusions
  • Implications of the research findings
  • Recommendations
  • Suggestions for further research

References.

Bibliography

Appendix 1

 

 

Continue reading THE IMPACT OF PERSONNEL SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

The effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens.

The effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens. 

a case study of federal polytechnic, oko, students.

 

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Abstract

Poverty has been a serious problem facing all society over the years. This paper critically analyses the conceptual problems associated with poverty over the education of the citizens. It also analyses the causes of poverty and the various programme put in place for poverty alleviation such as family economic advancement. (feap) and poverty alleviation programme (pap) and various forms in which government has interfered. The question is, how far have these programmes served as veritable instrument of poverty alleviation in the country? This paper suggests that even though these measures have not achieved much as poverty alleviation instruments because of their operations deficiencies, they are nonetheless good instruments that could be improved upon. This research also has found out that the increase of the crime wave is as a result of the frustration that the poor get from their deprivation of education by poverty. Workable and feasible solutions have been proffered for the problems on educational sector so that qualitative education of the citizens could be attained.

 

 

 

Chapter one

introduction

  • background of the study

this work is based on the effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens with a particular reference to federal polytechnic oko in anambra state.

the effect of poverty here is those things that can bring ineffective growth in the educational development of the citizens. It is pertinent to know that poverty in any establishment hampered achievement of its targeted objectives.

educations of the citizens are faced with numerous problems which in turn affect the growth of such establishment. It is the therefore in the light of the forgoing that aroused my interest to embark on this research study with a view to finding out the effects, causes and suggest possible solutions to the effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens with a particular reference to federal polytechnic, oko students, anambra state.

nevertheless, formal education in Nigeria has been as old as the coming of the colonial masters. Its existence is not mysterious. They came in with the intention of extending their superior administration, religion and culture to west African countries and also with the intention of engaging in commercial activities with the inhabitants of those countries. When they came to the shores of these countries e.g Nigeria, they were unfortunately unable to communicate with the people in their language. They devised to teach the people the ways of their life, their language, so some agreed with them and it makes those that agree to be wiser than those that rejected the idea.

since the formal introduction of education, it has been identified by some beneficiaries that education is a liberating force, liberating people from the crunches of illiteracy, superstition, inferiority complex and other barbaric actions. But in spite of all these advantages bequeathed to us by education, it has been infested and confronted with so many problems which among them include poverty.

poverty has completely crippled the development of education in Nigeria. Right from time when education was formally established in the country with the imposition of some little amount of money on each student, many people who would have become the ambassadors and policy makers of this our country could not afford to pay such money then and it has absolutely jeopardized their future. The education at that time was left for few who were privileged to be born into royal family who were engaged in shabby business of slave trade or the family of wealthy farmers who supplies the European traders the raw materials they were looking for.

furthermore, the government later identified that it has a very big role to play about the education of its citizens. It was observed that the richness and greatness of country depend on the qualitative and quantitative education given to the citizens. Now, the government has been turned out to be an obstacle to education by one allotting a reasonable percentage of its revenue to the education of the citizens. The international communities have considered the plight of the citizens of the developing countries on their educational development and the difficulties poverty has posed on it. This can be manifestly seen through the activities of the UNICEF, an organ of the world body u.n.o. this therefore, examined the effect on poverty educational development of the Nigeria citizens. Using federal polytechnic oko student as a case study.

 

1.2  statement of the problem

the yardstick to measure the extent of the educational development of the citizen depends on the reasoning ability of the people. The behaviour, the approach to solving problems and the physical appearance of the citizens. It is obvious that education is very essential especially now that almost everybody wants to be educated and enlightened. Many people want to be literate so as to be able to be informed because he who is not informed is definitely deformed and he who is deformed is abnormal.

what motivates the researcher to write on this topic is that, poverty as a problem does not go alone. It goes with numerous problems that could be completely inextricable from it. It drags some other problems along such as malnutrition, low standard of living, shabby and tattered dresses.

furthermore, with the observation of this problem, baba danjuma (2002) viewed that “the pauper lacks the resources to send his child to school. And even in communities where education is free, the pauper child still faces an uphill task because the hunger of the body impedes the proper nourishment of the mind”. From the above explanation, it could be seen that poverty hinders the proper growth and development of children intellectually, educationally, psychologically and otherwise.

persons who have low per capital income will have their educational development impaired as they cannot have access to those things that make life worth a living. This study delved into how poverty affects educational development of the Nigerian citizen with a view to finding solution to it

 

1.3  purpose of the study

the primary objective of this work is to expose the threats and hindrances that poverty has posed on education development of the citizens.

to evaluate whether poverty is a condition that is desirable or undesirable and criteria for measuring poverty.

to ascertain whether the effect of poverty on educational development is a seasonal or permanent experience. Also to determine if the existence of poverty is caused by the citizens or the government or by both or either of them.

also, to determine and suggest how best to eradicate poverty and improved the standard of education acquisition among the citizen.

finally, to let the citizens understand the importance of education in their lives despite the financial constraints.

 

1.4  significant of the study

this research work is significant in the sense that it has exposed the needs for poverty alleviation in the country a sit has to do with the life wire of the society and create better awareness about the threats poverty has posed on our education.

moreover, this work will help us to study how our country’s development policy can help to reduce the effect of poverty and subsequently improved the educational development of the citizens thereby eliminating the permanent or seasonal occurrence of poverty in the midst of its inhabitants. The knowledge gained in this study will help us to know the extent of the damage poverty caused educational development and ways through which the anomaly can be ameliorated.

at the end of the findings of this work, the government should be made to know that it has a role to play in the abridgement of the income inequality between the rich and the poor so that the latter could afford the training expenses of their wards.

 

1.5  research question

this study shall carry out on the following research questions.

  • How does poverty affect the performance level of federal polytechnic oko student?
  • What do the citizens do when they do not have access to education as a result of poverty?
  • Has the federal government or international organization helped in reducing poverty and improving the state of education of the poor?

 

1.5  the scope of the study

as a result of the plethora of problems infesting this study, the researcher has decided to concentrate only on the effect of poverty on educational development of f.p.o student. It is pertinent to note that poverty affects other facts of human life but for the purpose of this study, the focus is on educational development.

 

1.7  definition terms

  1. P.o federal polytechnic, oko. This is the institution where the researcher carried out her work.

Per capital income: this is the income which every individual is supposed to earn in a country. It is calculated by dividing the value of the national income with the total number of people (population) in a country.

Income: this is the money one earns or get from the work he/she did or from investment one make.

UNICEF: united nations children fund.

UNO: united nations organization. A group made up of the rich and developed countries and some developing countries. It is established to take care of the world’s political and economic problems.

Poverty: this is a state of having far less limited resources against numerous wants, where a person is incapable to providing all his basic necessities of life like food, clothes and shelter.

 

 

 

Continue reading The effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens.