TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS IN MULTI-CAMPUSES IN HIGHER INSTTUTION OF LEARNNG AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

  (A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T ENUGU).

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ABSTRACT

The study has the aim of elaborating on some of the causes of transportation problems in multi-campuses in higher institutions of learning and their possible solution.
The method of research used to collect information for the study is secondary source, with the help of secondary source, the researcher was able to ascertain some of the causes of transportation’s problem in multi-campuses in higher institutions of learning such as bad road etc and their possible solution.
Based on these findings, useful suggestions were equally made on how to solve the problem of transportation in multi-campuses.  Some of these suggestions include proper management, re-orientation, abolition of multi-campuses system etc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction

1.1     General background to the subject matter

1. 1. Problems associated with the subject matter
   2. The problems that the study will be concerned with
   3. The Importance of the studying the area
   4. Definition of important terms
   5. Reference

CHAPTER TWO

1. Literature Review

2.1     School of Thought within the subject area

1. 1. The origin of the subject area
   2. The School of Thought relevant to the problem of study
   3. Different methods of studying the problem
   4. Summary
   5. Reference

CHAPTER THREE:

1. Conclusion

3.1     Data presentation (Highlights of the subject)

1. 1. Analysis of the Data
   2. Recommendation
   3. Conclusions
   4. References

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

Life expectancy has never met anyone without some hitches.  This is a result of the unclear nature of the world we are in. Transportation case, is not an exception, in schools or in the commercial sector, transportation has been a major stumbling block to economic growth.
In our higher institution, especially the multi-campuses, this has gained lots of havoc to the human resource development.  This becomes more complex when it has been confirmed that almost nothing is done to alleviate the problem by the authority that be. Education is one of the greatest assets for any nation.  It is a long run profitable venture for any nation.  Transport to say is the knitting needle with which every other national affair is being brought together and education is not an exception.  Due to its prime importance to bringing people in different location together, its negative effect has deterred the advancement of education in higher institutions especially the multi-campus ones.  But it, students can go to school and to their home especially for non residential institution or movement from one of the campus to the other.

 

This project will go into in-depth investigation to find out the causes of this transportation problem in our campuses and possible way out of the problem(s).  A case study is the Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, Enugu State.
At the end of the study, revelations shall be made on how to improve the transportation problem(s) of the multi-campus institution in our nation.

 

 

1.1     OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORTATION/GENERAL BACKGROUND TO SUBJECT MATTER:
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION:
The movement of resources, be it human or material is a location of plenty to that of absent or vice versa has unique mode.
The modes of transportation among other includes:
(i)      Land transportation
(ii)     Water transportation
(iii)    Air transportation
(i)      LAND TRANSPORTATION:
This form of transport has been as old as man.  People, goods and services are conveyed from one place to another by land.  This started with long distance transport on foot followed by the use of animals as Horse and Donkeys for carrying loads.  Over the years, as man ingenuity to form the earth to his taste increases, he continues to develop easy and faster modes of land transportation.  Amongst these are road transportation and rail transportation.

(ii)     WATER TRANSPORTATION:
Is the means of carrying goods and services, people from one location to another by water.  This is achieved by means of liners, canoes, ships, engine boat etc.  It could be within a country (nation) or between two or more countries (international).
In international water transportation, ocean liners, or streamers and tramp liner are used, and it takes place on high seas, oceans and big risers.  National is within the water mass of the country; here we have lances, canoes, and engine boats as the transportation means.
Transportation by water is very good and efficient in making long distant Journey.  It is most convenient in carrying bulky goods. The weight of goods carried by this means far outweighs any other form of transportation.
(iii)    AIR TRANSPORTATION:
This started with the invention of airplane and helicopter and first flown by the WRIGHT BROTHERS.  This form is in no doubt the height of means ingenuity to making transportation much more effective, efficient and faster.  It is fastest, align much more effective, efficient and fastest.  It is fastest, safer and can convey both people, goods and mail at ease.  Bulky goods are also flown into air without a do.  It makes the farthest distance ever.  International travels are made in hours, and minutes.  Presently, homage is being paid to other plants like mars, Jupiter etc by an advanced country from aeroplane called space craft.

1. 1. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSPORTATION:

Life is never a merry-go round affair.  At one in or the other, unwanted events stand on the way of progress.  Transportation also face the same fate.  Amongst the problems of transportation are:
(a)     Lack of Good Road:
This as a result, great extent militate road transportation case.  Our roads are too bad for the vehicle that plays in them.  During the season, most of them are so worst that no vehicle can pass, they become barriers in certain places if any driver insist on crossing over, his vehicle with either sink of fail into it and he would have himself to blame.
(b)     Weather:
Weather according to Oxford Advanced Learners of current English defines weather as the climates condition of a place over a period of time.  Weather in air travel, aeroplane seldom makes flight when the weather condition is poor.  If visibility is poor, flight could be suspended or if there is impending snow fall or hail stone, flight could also be suspended.  Likewise countries that experience snowfall avoid transportation within the period of fall till it dries off.
Bad weather condition such as water, trade, wind etc to affect water transportation in the negative way during such period, ocean liner etc take cover at any nearby shore.
(c)      Lack of Good Network Roads:
The absence of good road network, militates the free flow of goods, people and services.  When two or more places are not properly linked locating an area from another became a tasks which may be foregone unless on strong desire/needs.  This could be as a result of natural barriers like mountain, hills, valley or negligence by the authorities concerned.
This is the sole reason why the government of any nation gives a ministry takes care of this problem, ensuring within their capability that the major area are linked up and that there is easy and free flow of traffic in Nigeria the incumbency lies on the Ministry of Works and Housing.
AMONGST THE PROBLEM ARE:
(a)     Management:
By management we mean poor or improper managing, controlling and co-ordinations of the available resources.  With which the school is being run.  These resources could be human, such as the staff and student or materials like the school house, machine building etc.  In the organization chart of the institution management, we have the personalities at the top, these are managers.  They include Vice Chancellor, Deputy Vice Chancellor, the Registrar, Deans of Faculty, Heads of Department etc.  Misdirection of the duties has really shown in many other sections of the institution management and has not only caused the problem of transportation of a lot have led to many hydra-headed problem to the institution as a whole.
This management can be seen in the following areas:
(i)      Laissez Faire Attitude of the Management over the Proper Maintenance of the School Vehicles:
The Enugu Campus (UNEC) of the institution has a work department which is more or less a camouflage or museum in the sense that the place is infested of spoilt vans littered here and there none is functional or more to put anyone functional being made.  The place has turned out to be a dumping ground for damaged van rather than vehicle maintenance unit.  Even though the school is child of the nation and should be given maximum attention, setting the standard for other schools to follow.  Transportation problem still torment the school.
Last time in June 2000, when the student of the school was assassinated by unknown men in this campus, the students wanted to take him to the UNTH to their dismay, this only Mercedes being car meant for emergency van, was said to have no flue in this student got furious by this and since they couldn’t got any vehicle to rush him to the hospital because it was at night 11.00am, this made them to act otherwise and the car was damaged entirely by the students who couldn’t control their furry.
(ii)     Excess Admission of Students:
The UNN of yester-years is no longer to UNN of present.  Then, when admission was purely on merit and within a certain range of student per department for school for years.  This time a class exceeds one hundred (100) student as against the classroom standard of 25-50.  This overcrowded situation makes consumable resources transportation.  In particular, sources because the students wouldn’t be well accommodated within the school thereby forcing them to live off-campus.

AN EVALUATION OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL IN THE LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

(A CASE STUDY OF OANDO PLC ENUGU)

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                                                                   ABSTRACT
This research was motivated to appraise the evaluation of distribution channel in the logistics management of petroleum product using Oando plc as the case study.  There was a problem of the tendency of distribution of those petroleum products to the Northern & Southern which effect to a scarcity of the product in other areas of the country.  On the contrary to the problems of this research work, an objective came to be as to ascertain whether there is an effective and efficient distribution of petroleum products, all round the country. In the process of solving and pursuance on the problems and the objectives, both primary and secondary data were sourced.  The targeted respondents were mainly the managers, staffs and customers were statistically determined for the purpose of both questionnaires administration and personal interview.  In organizing and presentation of data collected, tables and percentages were used and various hypothesis were tested using chi-square.  The tests of the hypothesis made the researcher to concluded that Oando plc cannot improve on the distribution channel in the logistics management of petroleum product in our country, as the critical value was greater than the expected value on both tests.5-99 > 1.2481 & 1.8838 < 5.99
The study reviews some finds which made the researcher to recommended that government should set some security agencies that can militate against perpetrator that vandalize the pipeline and other unscrupulous person (s) that engaged in similar act he believes if carefully implemented will go a long way to shortening the various problems.
                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background of the study
   2. Statements of the problem
   3. Objectives of the study
   4. Significance of the study
   5. Research questions
   6. Formulation of hypothesis
   7. Scope and limitation of the study
   8. Definition of basic terms

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

1. 1. Definition of channel system
   2. Management of logistics/channel system
   3. Conflict in channel management
   4. Co-operation by channel participants
   5. Channels of distribution in petroleum products
   6. Factors affecting petroleum products
   7. Managing marketing channels of petroleum products
   8. The benefits of using efficient channel

System as a Means of Distributing Petroleum Products
References

 

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

1. 1. Research design
   2. Area of study
   3. Population of the study and sample size
   4. Instrument used
   5. Validity of the instrument
   6. Reliability of the instrument
   7. Method of data collection
   8. Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.

1. 1. Summary of the results and findings
   2. Testing of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

1. 1. Discussion of the result
   2. Conclusion
   3. Recommendation, suggestion for further research bibliography

Appendices

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION:
This chapter consists of details of the topic under research.  Here the background of the study statement of the problem, objectives and significance of the study will be revealed along with research question so as to enable the researcher know what the research work is all about.

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
As a result of petroleum products being the major exporting product among others, of our country.  Our country solely depends on it as the highest percentage revenue on the overall percentage of the total exportation products or items.
In the 1979s after the civil war, Nigerians have Agricultural products as the dependent product in both domestic and international uses.  But today due to greater lucrative of this product all over the world, abandoned the former for the latter.
As the uses is universal, the extractive regions which are at South east and South west encountered a difficult impact to be supplied or distribute to various areas of other regions of the country, due to mainly mismanagement and other opposing factors.  The transportation of this extracting products from the originated area to the refinery was a great problem in the country, because of its form bulky and channel of distribution.
The government then employed foreign bodies to refine this product in order to reach to the hook and of the country.  The refinery built and managed by government admitted a foreign firm to have a part in the refinery for the bases of their services as regards to importation.  Still not adequate as the dealers divert this product to their own perspective regions where they expect to dispose it in a high value. At times, this petroleum products i.e. fuel, kerosene, diesel, bitumen to mention but few do change totally the generic colour used to it to another unpredicted colour thereby caused a harm to human body.  These dealers were formerly the staffs of one firm and another for years, left their various perspective offices for the marketing of these products thereby formed one organization and another to impose the prices on this products.
The region that is basically not interested in the use of this product by their majority because of their belief or customs has low cost and optimal quantities than other regions. From the facts, it becomes clear that if the left cream of the nation is to be feasible accordingly, a great percentage or rate of the standard of living would have been a something if smile to the populace.

HISTORY AND BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY (OANDO)
The company commenced business operations as a petroleum marketing company in Nigeria in 1956 under the name of “ESSO West Africa Incorporated” a subsidiary of Exxon Corporation of the United States of America.  In 1969, the company was incorporated as ESSO Standard Nigeria Limited, and in 1976, the Nigerian Government acquired all of ESSO’ s shareholding interest, thereby fully indigemising the company whose name was subsequently changed to Unipetrol Nigeria Limited.  It became a public limited liability company in 1991, when the federal government divested 60% of its shareholding to the general public, and was quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in February 1992.  In 2000, the Federal Government divested its remaining 40% shareholding in the company, 30% of which was acquired by ocean and oil investment limited whilst the balance of 10% was taking by the Nigerian Public. In 2002, the company acquired Agip Petroli International BV’s 60% shareholding in Agip Nigeria Plc (Agip) and subsequently merged with Agip to become the second largest player in the downstream petroleum marketing industry.  In December 2003, the company announced the launch of “Oando PLC” its new corporate identity to signify the creation of a proudly West Africa brand.  The new corporate identify and branding exercise portrays the values and brand essence of the company service excellence, performance – driven, dynamic and progressive, consistent quality experience and proudly West African.

1. 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Petroleum products have a numerous problems on logistics management on its distribution, it is the only and major exporting product of our country,  which is disposed in a high rate to another country thereby expect the citizening to do the same the tendency of distribution channel to the Northern and Southern regions of the country is much more sufficient than other regions, which causes scarcity of the product in these areas.  Some quantities of these products are being diversified to other different stations for a tremendous income, impact on hoarding which reveals the control is not effective. Many of the distribution channels are being vandalized by unscrupulous individuals in the area which stagnantly affects its distribution and transportation.  Moreover, there is weights and measures on the quantities of this petroleum products making the dealers to have different prices of disposing this product in their various areas.  Finally, the Boards that deals on the marketing of this petroleum products (NUPENG, PENGASIN, etc) do impose some requisitions from the federal government which may not come forth, affect its distributions.

FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

(A case study of Enugu North Local government)

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                                                  ABSTRACT
The success of any enterprise depends largely on the effectiveness of its human resources in their work. The need for reappraising the manpower training and development in our organization is apparent. Therefore this research work tried to identify the problems affecting human resources development with a view to developing means for improving effectiveness in human resource management the statement of the problem the introduction limitation, significance and objective of the study were stated.
A review of related literature was made in the research   to know the opinion of different authors concerning human resources. This study was carried out throughout the use survey research method which involved the collection of data manly by the use of questionnaires the questionnaire which was developed from the research questions was designed to elicit information regarding the subject matter. It was complemented with interviews and with the aid of simple random sampling The analysis of data shows that poor recruitment motivation industrial relation machine and equipment leadership style affect human resource develop. Finally, the summary, conclusion of the finding were made

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Statement of the problem

Objective of the study

Significance of the study

Limitation of the study

Research questions

Definition of terms

Reference

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. 1. The role of human resources in organization
   2. Human resources training and development
   3. The human resources requirements of public administration
   4. Enugu north local government

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

1. 1. Research design
   2. Source of data
   3. Population and simple of study
   4. Method of data collection
   5. Instruments
   6. Method of data analysis
   7. References

CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER FIVE

Summary and conclusion

Recommendation
Appendixes
Letter and questionnaire
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The growth of any organization depends upon the development and utilization of people in it.  The efficiency of an organization whether private or be it public depends to a large extent on how effectively human resource are utilized.  For any organization to attain its desired objective it must seek and obtain the willing co-operaiton of the people it has to work with
Management must work, employ and therefore should develop programmes and policies that will enable them to obtain the best results from the employees
Organizations are being forced to operate in an increasingly completive environment and this places emphasis on the role of management in making the most effective use of human resource in order to meet its objectives.
In the search for organizational effectiveness there is an increasing range of specialized skills to help line managers whether in business public administration or other organizations.  In struggling to achieve objectives of the organization there are a number of “tools” which can help the managers in the execution of work and activities which have to be undertaken in forecasting and planning organizing decision making and control many of these tools will help to solve the problems affecting human resource development which arises due to complexities in modern business.
However, there are problem affecting human resources development in Enugu North, which discourages an employee from contributing his maximum human potentials, which are necessary to make for higher productivity profitability and growth. Personnel management has been defined several ways.  It is the field of study that encircles all the activities that are performed form the identification of human resources for employment to the full utilization of people and planning for their retirement the personnel management function involved recruiting selecting hiring developing participation communication motivation and remunerating employees are attained. The field of management poses many problems and these problems affect human resources development the problem to be discussed in this research includes inadequate selection, recruitment placement training motivation industrial relation communication and other environmental factors that affect human resources development, in the following six departments of Enugu Local Government namely works personnel health 80hal welfare account and finance departments.
For the most efficient possible use of worker’s skill management must be able to decide how when and where the service of each individual are to used.
1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem of this study is to investigate the inhibiting factors affecting the utilization of human resources development in the organization
Human resources development in any business organization has some problems, which proceed from either internal or    external factors.  The problems could be that of ignorance that is unaware of the need or important of   human resources development in an organization as said by beach.
Some of the prevailing socioeconomic problems of the county such as constant labour unrest using unemployment high rate of crimes poor standard of living and even inflation can be attributed to poor labour management relations in most organization.

INFLUENCE OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON OPERATIONS OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION. (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU.

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOUR ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

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CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background to the study
   2. Statement of the problem
   3. The objective or purpose of study
   4. Scope of the study
   5. Research questions
   6. Significance /Rational of the study

CHAPTER TWO

1. Review of literature

CHAPTER THREE
3.0   Discussion, Implication

1. 1. Recommendation
   2. Discussion of results
   3. Conclusions
   4. Implications of results
   5. Recommendations
   6. Suggestions for further research
   7. Limitation of the study
   8. References
   9. Appendices

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Some years ago, the concept of training and development were widely misunderstood and not fully appreciated in most Nigerian organization. Today, the situation has dramatically changed such that many organizations, business and non business organization have come to appreciate the need for employee development and training as a very important instrument for organization development.
Training and development date back to the beginning of man. In our own families, our parents direct the children on what to do. A little baby is trained / taught to sit, crawl, stand and walk. All these efforts are geared towards developing the child to gain essential skills for adaptability in this  environment. It is this training and development that guides the child as he grows and matures into adulthood.

 

The above make it clear that although once is qualified to be employed in an office, to perform once duty or the other, yet the staff employed needs to be trained for adaptability in his office environment.  As can even be seen from the Biblical aspect of it, in the book of Samuel chapter 30, David the king of the Israelites realized the importance of training and development. By selecting his distinguished six hundred soldiers he gave the special training and sponsored their scientific and special reading to enable them to satisfy advisory roles in his palace and ultimately meet the nations needs in having a well trained army. It has become increasing apparent to more and more organization that life/long learning     must become a reality for them to remain competitive in an increasingly demanding environment. Such learning can take place through training courses offered by the firm themselves or by outside suppliers of training and education.
According to Buke (vol 41, 1988; 731) it can also take place informally through learning and development on the job. There has recent literature Morrison (1992: and Burke (1994:28 suggesting the impact of both the number of development activities undertaken and their pertinences usefulness on a variety of work attitude and outcomes, such as self reported future career prospects.

 

 

Furthermore, training and development is seen as a continuous process, believing that money spent on training and development is money well spent.According to Ubeku (1975:270) employee who have not received adequate training before assigning them with responsibility lack of necessary confidence with which to  carry out the job. It is evident that the main objective of any organization is profit maximization, complimented with cost minimization. Hence, it is prudent for organizations to manage their resources in the best possible manner. One of such ways is through the manipulation of its labour force in such a way as to yield the highest attainable effective operations.

 

 

In the past, organization did not fully accept the benefits of employees’ training just because the results were not easily identified and clear. The Federal Government of Nigeria recognized the benefit of training and manpower development when they established the Industrial Training Fund  (ITF). Through the promogation of Decree No. 47 of 1971, the objective of which were to “promote and encourage employee training and development as well as the acquisition of skills to industries with a view to generating a pool of indigenous training manpower sufficient to meet the needs of economy”. With these objectives in mind, one realizes that it is very necessary for organizations to expect high productivity in order to accomplish organizational goals and objectives.
It is a truism that without production, the organization will not survive and such survival is usually predicated on the quality, quantity and efficient use of resources. All these cannot be achieved without the expertise knowledge and skill of the particular job coupled with the right attitudes acquired through training and development. Ogundele (1983:35) stresses that the success of an enterprise depends on the effectiveness of the human resources, the skill and the enthusiasm of the employees.
He observed that a set of objectives will not be achieved if there is no competent employees to effect such objectives. He argues that human development could be effected by the employees concerned through trial and error but error but better by the organization, through as well planned training scheme or programme.

He argued that the question should not be whether or not to train but the type of training to be employed. He concluded that human resources are rather scarce production factors which must be intelligently handled.
This brings us to be the importance of labour. Likert (1967:11) lie of taught is that “all activities of any enterprise are initiated and determined by the person who make up that institution”. The importance of labour force are two folds. First, its indispensability in the organization set up. Second is its unpredictable nature. Mainly because of the later, it is very necessary to take special care of this factor of production i.e labour.
In actually, no man is indispensable but suffice it to say that there are costs associated with recruitment and orientation or new staff. The profit the organization would have reaped from having this in mind, my aim in this research paper is to highlight the influence of staff training and development on effective  operations and hence after make recommendations from the empirical findings.

 

 

 

THE IMPORTANCE OF STAFF TRAINING
After an employee has been selected, placed and inducted he should also be trained. Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job. No organization has a choice of whether to train or not, the only choice is that of method, if no planned training programme established this has not eliminated training costs. The employee will train himself by trail and error or by observing others.
The establishment of a sound training programme serves the interest of both the management and workers. Training is valuable to the employee in terms of better security and greater opportunity for advancement within or outside  the present organization.
Other values of training include: –

1. INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY: An increased in skill usually results in increase in quantity and quality output. The increasingly technical nature of modern job demands systematic training to enable even minimum, levels of accomplishment.
2. HEIGHTENED MORALE: The possession of needed skills helps to meet such basic needs as security and ego satisfaction. Elaborate personnel and human relations programme can make a contribution toward moral but they will be of little use of employees do not possess the necessary knowledge, skill aptitude and altitude to perform their job.
3. REDUCED SUPERVISOR: The trained employee is once who supervise himself. Both employee and supervisor want less supervision, but greater independence is not possible unless the employee is adequately trained.
4. REDUCED ACCIDENTS: More accidents are caused by deficiencies in people than in equipment and working conditions. Proper training in both job skills and safety attitudes should contribute towards reduction on the accident rate.

HISTORY OF ANAMCO LTD
Mercedes – Benz Anammco is a joint venture between the Federal Government of Nigeria and Daimler – Benz AG/Mercedes Benz AG of Germany. Anambra manufacturing company Anammaco with corporate headquarters at Emene industrial layout PM.B. 2523, Enugu was incorporated on January 17, 1977 comes up with other details as follows:

1. laying of foundation stone May 12, 1978
2. official commissioning of plant July 8, 1980
3. commencement of official production January, 1981
4. Installed production capacity on one shift per-annum 7,500 commercial vehicles (Truck assembly).
5. Present capacity utilization approve 15% of installed capacity.
6. Total production to end of December, 199 approx. 20,000 (made up of trucks and buses)

MB – ANAMMCO manufactures commercial vehicles and leads in the commercial vehicle market in Nigeria with five tons pay load and above. The plant which occupies a sprawling 300,000 square meter sites at Emene, near Enugu is veritably and viable economic and technological co-operation between the government and people of Nigeria and Germany.
Training and Manpower Development:
The MB – ANAMMCO Training centre, which was commissioned in 1982, has lived up to its billing in producing high calibre middle – level technical manpower for the company, and the nation in general. The MB – ANAMMCO Training centre was conceived with the object – objective of providing training facilities not only for apprentices but also for on the job training for improvement in technical skills, work habits and leadership qualities of factory managers. Because of inadequacies in formal education. When measured against the background of the diverse needs of industries, training and retraining cannot but be accorded high priority in the scheme of things in MB – ANAMMCO.
Staff Welfare
MB – ANAMMCO continues to live up to its social responsibilities in all ramifications. It takes care of its over 800 employees by offering them highly subsidized food at its modern canteen, providing free medical services to its employees and their dependents and offering them recreational facilities, it has a football club and also cultural groups. In addition, it occasionally donates to charity and identify with the government in its socio-cultural endeavous and community development efforts.
The contribution of MB – ANAMMCO to the economic development of Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. The company has continued maintain a high level of resilience in its attempt to survive the harsh economic climate and live up to the confidence reposed in it as an extension of the most historical, traditional and successful auto company in the word. Mercedes Benz AG.
Their staff strength as at December 31st 1990 is 794 (expateriates 12) (service map).

THE IMPACT OF APPRENTICESHIP ON THE MANPOWER NEEDS IN NIGERIA.

(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS)

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ABSTRACT
“The Impact of Apprenticeship on the Development of Manpower Needs in Nigeria” underscores greater number of points which needed to be grasped.
In reality, during this work, a look is taken to correct bad impression and misconception problem that apprenticeship programme is meant for the illiterates. It is against this background that extensive discussion is made on the formal apprenticeship system. The in-plant or in-house training programme is a worthwhile venture which almost every company and institution embark upon so as to meet the new demands, new problems and new challenges. Also, on-the-job training. A conjectural hypothesis is also formulated to identify, ascertain and analyse research problems and means devised to test it is Chi-square which determines the association between nominal variables.

 

Meanwhile, the research approach or method investigation applied is face to face interaction with the personalities concerned that is through interviews, instrument used is structured questionnaire and this is made possible by a letter of introduction from the Head of Department.
On the other hand, the major findings are based on the fact that theory and practice are indispensable. The two must go hand in hand to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. The major purpose of training and development do cause a change in employee, trainee or apprentice behaviour on job and ultimately improves the effectiveness of the organization / company / institution. Growth and individual career objectives are achieved through effective training and apprentice can therefore reach their potentials without much ado.
On a very serious note, Nigeria government should restructure the curriculum of the apprenticeship system through some of its programmes.
National Manpower Board (NMB) should be reactivated and allowed to fully utilize its responsibilities. Then the final research report is highly formalized and cuts across every sphere of ones life.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1. 1. Background of the study
   2. Statement of the problem
   3. Purpose of the study
   4. Scope of the study
   5. Research hypothesis
   6. Significance of the study
   7. Limitations of the study
   8. Definition of the terms

References

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

Literature review.

1. 1. The problems and prospects of apprenticeship system in Nigeria
   2. Manpower analysis, training and auditing
   3. The contribution of apprenticeship to development and manpower needs IN NIGERIA.

Reference

CHAPTER THREE.

Research design and methodology

1. 1. Research design
   2. Area of the study
   3. Population of the study.
   4. Sample and sampling procedure
   5. Instrument for data collection
   6. Validation and reliability of the instrument
   7. Method of data collection
   8. Method of data analysis

Reference.

CHAPTER FOUR.

Data presentation and analysis

1. 1. Distribution and return of questionnaires
   2. Presentation and analysis of data.
   3. Testing of hypothesis

Reference.

CHAPTER FIVE
Findings, conclusion and recommendations.

1. 1. Discussion of findings.
   2. Conclusions.
   3. Implications of research findings.
   4. Recommendations.
   5. Suggestions for further research.

Bibliography
Appendix

                          CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION.
1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
Let it be pointed out that the full research report on the topic under discussion would show how apprenticeship system and manpower needs contribute to Nigerian economy.
Again, an in-depth look has been taken to explore and identify whether the topic is research worthy and consequently to meet up with the challenges of time. Once more, the trend of business, economy, politic, technology and other special values of expertise in various fields of endeavour cannot be kept in isolation.
Therefore, several attempts should be made to write in detail some of the activities been embarked upon by different organizations, institutions, corporate bodies and what have we. They contribute immensely in the development of apprenticeship of manpower needs in Nigeria. This contribution would be found out in the course of research work.
It is against this and more background that this work might be made a daily companion by researching students, scholars, entrepreneurs and trainees.
In a nutshell, one is expected to know how the impact of apprenticeship development of manpower needs were to apprentices; be encouraged and welcomed by Nigerian Citizens. Some of the trends enumerated above would be a thing of past. Later all, the essence of acquiring knowledge is to impart it to one another.
It means that putting interest on this apprenticeship system would in no doubt be of great advantage to the government and populace who are desirous to make both ends meet. At a time, non-challant attitude of some people under the illusion that apprenticeship system is meant for the illiterates or people of low status should henceforth disillusioned. In large, apprentice does not mean those who did not know how to read and write but the literate ones. This will later be discussed in detail in the subsequent chapter.
To this end, the easiest way forward to achieve and maintain the impact of apprenticeship and its manpower needs is by all and sundry placing hands on deck, not to be seen in a wrong perspective to be of great importance to certain individuals but of a mutual advantage of all. Even if you are not an apprentice, it should never be discouraged.
We than God that n the contemporary institutions of higher learning that apprenticeship system is encouraged in the course termed “Entrepreneurial Development”
Lastly, to cope with the new demands, new problems and new challenges.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
One should not fail to acknowledge some of the specific aspects which give the researcher a great concern during the course of this research. To buttress up points, as it is often said in research methodology, be it in business, education, political science, to mention but a few that; “A problem well defined is half-solved”. Let it be made clear that there are many of them but the prominent ones would be given rapt attention.
It is however imperative to note that this research topic is believed to be varying or changing in nature. The question is why is it so? In this light, programmes undertaken in the name of apprenticeship scheme are numerous, mismanaged and unstable.
Oftenly, a new government, which has new resolution, comes into power, most of the times have different ideology or idiosyncratic approach to issues to affect the already established programmes and schemes. Today, some of the schemes run by National Directorate of Employment (NDE) are not operational as it was before due to fraudulent activities and other vices. Let us categorically state that some of the problems encountered do not arise from only government-established enterprise.

On the other hand, why is that greater number of apprentices is illiterates? The attributable factor could be an alternative source of acquiring formal education. It specifies the learning period depending on the nature of the trade usually at the shortest possible time. Lets say one month, three months, one year, two years and so on. At times regarded as not time consuming.
For better comprehension, formal apprenticeship system would be the focal point of the study which is the basis of manpower training and development in Nigeria with particular reference to Enugu metropolis. The informal apprenticeship system should not be given attention.