THE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTION TO EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
(A CASE STUDY OF ILAJE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education serves as a prime instrument in the development of Nigeria but the issue of malpractice has led to the problem of this system. The main purpose of examination is for certification of achievement, selection for educational and employment opportunities, quality control of the curriculum and its delivery, monitoring of educational standards and the assessment of school effectiveness.
However, the occurrence of examination malpractices at any level of educational system poses the greatest threat to the certificate thereby, issued. According to Olusoji et al., (2002) examination malpractice is not a recent phenomenon neither is it peculiar to tertiary level. It has been with us in Nigeria for a long time and has now almost assumed an epidemic influence. The phenomenon increases in number, scope, and complexity. The first publicity reported case of examination malpractice in Nigeria occurred in 1914 when there was leakage of question papers in senior Cambridge local examination. Since then there has been several cases reported but within the recent times occurred in 2009. If we consider also the cases of examination malpractices which occurred over the years within our school system as well as examinations conducted by bodies such as JAMB, NABTEB, NAEC, WAEC, NECO, NTI, and other professional bodies, it could be concluded that examination malpractice is a common daily experience.
The effects of examination malpractice are very shocking to educational, economic and political development of any nation. Fibessima, (2002) identified the effect of examination malpractice as a production of half baked graduates form academic institution, retarded educational growth and development, false sense of value and impression of students capability as well as loss of confidence in candidates who are involved in examination malpractice.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The issue of examination malpractice has become a frequent practice in Ilaje Local government Area in Ondo State just it is in other states of the federation.
This takes different forms. In order to carryout the research successfully, the following underlying problems are to be investigated:
1. What is examination malpractice?
2. What are the causes of examination malpractice among students?
3. Lack of preparation amongst students for examination.
4. Effect of examination malpractice in the society.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
To achieve a meaningful research result, the following basic question was drawn as measure to guide the researcher in carrying but the researcher:
1. Does poor moral upbringing of students in the society cause them to engage in examination malpractice?
2. Do poor teaching habits of teachers cause students to engage in examination malpractices?
3. Could lack of preparation of students for an examination be responsible for their involvement in examination malpractice?
4. Do poor conditions under which examination are conducted such as inappropriate sitting arrangement and poor supervision cause students in examination malpractice?
5. Do most students who engage in examination malpractice perform poorly in their after school?
6. Will a society where students are involved in examination malpractice suffer lack of skill manpower?
1.4 HYPOTHESIS
The following are hypothesis derived from the research question:
1. Poor moral upbringing of students in the society caused them to engage in examination malpractice.
2. Poor teaching habits of teachers cause students to engage in examination malpractice.
3. Lack of preparation of students for an examination causes them to get involve in examination malpractice
4. Students’ involvement in malpractice is caused by poor conditions under which examinations are conducted such as inappropriate sitting arrangement and poor supervision.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study aims at the following
1. To understand the concept about examination malpractice and it types.
2. To identify the cause of examination malpractice among secondary school students.
3. To realize and identify the negative effects of examination malpractice.
4. To determine the ways of controlling examination malpractice among secondary school students.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will help draw attention to the school principals who are much more concerned with the students’ undue passing of examination rather than being concerned with the curriculum. It will also educate parents, the school, the government/educational administrators on the need for guidance and counseling services in our secondary schools especially the ones in Ilaje Local Government Area Ondo State.
The research finding would benefit educational administrators with enablement on how to control examination malpractice thereby preventing its negative effects.
1.7 SCOPE OF STUDY
Five public schools were taken for sample as case study in Ilaje Local Government Area.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Below are some operational definitions of terminologies used in this research.
Examination: It is an important written or practical test at school that needs to undergo in order to get a promotion or qualification.
Examination malpractice: It is irregular or illegal behavior deliberate or inadvertent conduct of a candidate before, during and after any examination or examination.
Secondary school students: These are adolescents who are studying at an institution that is between the basic primary and tertiary institution
Cause: to make something happen, especially something bad or unpleasant
Effect: This means the result of something upon another
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Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo,
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ONIT College of Education, Abagana, .
The African Church College of Education, Lagos, .
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Yewa Central College of Education, Ogun, .
List of Federal Universities in Nigeria
Abubakar Tafawa Belewa University, .
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, .
Federal University of Tech, Akure, .
Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, .
Federal University of Technology, Minna, .
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Michael Okpara Univeristy of Agric, Umudike, .
Modibbo Adama University of Tech, Yola, .
National Open University of Nigeria, .
Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, .
Nigeria defense Academy, Kaduna, .
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University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, .
University of Agriculture Abeokuta, .
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List of State Universities
Abia State University, Uturu, .
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Delta State University Abraka, .
Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, .
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Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, .
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Imo state University,Owerri, .
Kaduna State University, Kaduna .
Kano University of Sc. & Tech, Wudil
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Kwara State University, Ilorin, .
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Nasarawa State University, Keffi, .
Niger Delta University, Yenagoe, .
Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, .
Ondo State University of Sc. & Tech, Okitipupa, .
Osun State University, Oshogbo, .
Plateau State University, Bokkos, .
Rivers State University of Sc. & Tech, .
Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-ode, .
Taraba State University, Jalingo, .
Umaru Musa Yar’Adua University, .
Private Universities
Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, .
African University of Sc. & Tech, Abuja, .
Al-hikmah University, Ilorin, .
Ajayi Crowther University, Ibadan, .
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American University of Nigeria, Yola, .
Babcock University, Ilishan, .
Bells University of Technology, Otta, .
Benson Idahosa University, Benin, .
Bingham University, New Karu, .
CETEP City University, Lagos, .
Crawford University, Igbesa, .
Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, .
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Joseph Ayo Babalola University,Ikeji, .
Kwararafa University, Wukari, .
Lead City University, Ibadan, .
Nigerian-Turkish Nile University, Abuja, .
Obong University, Obong Ntak, .
Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, .
Pan-African University, Lagos, .
Redeemer’s University, Mowe, .
Renaissance University, Enugu, .
Wesley University of Sc. & Tech, Ondo, .
Western Delta University, Oghara
List of all the Federal Polytechnics
Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force, .
Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force, .
Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, .
Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering, .
Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti .
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Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, .
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Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, .
Federal Polytechnic, Namoda, .
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Federal School of Dental Technology and Therapy, .
Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, .
Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering, .
Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, .
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi, .
List of State Polytechnics in Nigeria
Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo, .
Akwa-Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot-Osurua, .
Gateway Polytechnic, Igbesa, .
Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, .
Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja, .
Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, .
Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, .
Osun State College of Tech, Esa-Oke, .
Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, .
Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin-Ladi, .
Rivers State College of Arts and Science, .
Rivers State College of Arts and Science, .
Gateway Polytechnic Saapade, .
Edo State Inst. of Tech and Mgt, Usen, .
Niger State Poly, Zungeru, Niger State, .
List of Private Polytechnics in Nigeria
Allover Central Polytechnic, .
Dorben Polytechnic, Bwari-Garam Road, .
The Polytechnic, Ile-Ife, NITEL Road, .
Lagos City Poly, Ikeja, Lagos State, .
Light House Polytechnic, Eubuobanosa, .
Shaka Polytechnic, Polytechnic, Benin city, .
The Polytechnic Imesi-Ile, Osun, .
Heritage Polytechnic, Ikot Udota, .