EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS IN MANAGEMENTS FIRMS

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ABSTRACT

 

This research work is an appraisal  of the “EFFECTIVE  APPLICATION OF BREAKEVE ANALYSIS IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS”

This work is firmly directed towards, the need and usage of breakeven analysis by managers and accountants in manufacturing firms. Breakeven analysis  is a management tool that could be used in making vital decisions when a firms is faced with problems having lost, volume and profit implication However, breakeven analysis can be a valuable and reliable decision making tool if it is exhaustively conducted and applied.

Based on the findings, some recommendation on two to revert the situation towards effective application were made which include:

• That seminar, symposia and workshops on application breakeven analysis should be organized by bodies like the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN), Nigeria Institute of Social Economic Researcher (NISER) Nigerian Institute of Management.
• That the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria should start the publication of a new professional journals in Nigeria devoted solely to the development of the theory and application of management accounting principles and techniques.

Hence, we therefore conduce that if the above mentioned recommendations are understood, accepted and implemented. Our manufacturing firms will be able to make better cost-volume-profits decisions, which will result is increased efficiency of the manufacting sector or industry.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

   CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction

1.1     Objective/ purpose of the study

• Significances of the Study
• Scope of the Study
• Limitation of the Study
• Definition of Terms.

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Definition

2.1     Functions

2.2     Ways of Regulations

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Summary of Findings

3.1     Conclusion

• Recommendation

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

In considering how the management accountant can be assistance in producing answer to questions about the consequences of following a particular course of action. Such questions might include: What would be the effects of profits if we reduce our selling price and sell more units? What sales volume is required to meet the additional fixed charge from a proposed plant expansion?  Should we pay our sales personals on the basis of salary only or on the basis of commission only, or by a continuation of both? These and other questions can be considered using Breakeven Analysis which is the most widly known form of cost-volume-profit analysis. For this reasons, the two terms are used interchangeably by many.

Breakeven analysis is a systematic method of examining the relationship between changes in volume (that is output) and changes in total sales revenue, is a specific way of presenting and studying the inter relationship between cost-volume and profit. As a model of these relationships. Breakeven analysis simplifies the real work condition which a firm will face. It provides information to management in most lucid and precise manner and it is an effective and efficient financial reporting system.

Breakeven analysis is based on the relationship between sales volume, cost are profit in the short run, the short run being a period which the output of a firm is restricted to the same available  from the current operating capacity. In the short-run some input can be increased but other cannot.

Hence, breakeven established a relationship between revenue and cost with respect to volume. It indicates the level of sales at which costs and revues are in equilibrium. The equilibrium point in commonly known as the breakeven point. The breakeven point is the point of sales volume at which revenue equal to total costs. It is a point of no loss.

One of the important prerequisites  of using the breakeven or C-V-F analysis is that costs can be separated into fixed costs and variables costs, variable costs change in direct proportion to change in volume of activity which fixed cost remains constant to any given volume of activity. For the breakeven point to occur, its necessary that the firm has both variable and fixed costs. If all costs of the firm  were variable no profits no loss situation will arise at zero sales volume and profits would be varying proportionately with sales. On the then hand, if all costs were fixed the breakeven would occur at a point were revenue are equal to fixed costs and afterwards profits would be equal to the sales volume.

 

1.1     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Some people do not know the benefits of effective applications of breakeven  analysis which has a tremendous positive effects on the profitability of manifesting firms this however is designed