EXAMINATION OF STOOL FOR THE PRESENCE OF FELMINETH USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES

EXAMINATION OF STOOL FOR THE PRESENCE OF FELMINETH USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES

(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ENUGU)

 

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ABSTRACT
This research is aimed at examining the presence of helminthes in stool using different techniques. One hundred and forty three samples were collected and three different techniques were applied in the stool examination, namely, Direct Microscopic examination technique, formol either concentration technique. At the end of the analysis. At the end of the analysis, it was found that there was a significant different in the number of eggs found, when figures were obtained with the three different techniques. Direct microscopic examination technique detected the ora of parasites and mobile flagellates, ciliates and Ascaris Lum bricoides. The formol either concentration technique detected mobile protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica, amoeba and Giardia Lambila while the brine floatation technique is most preferred because it detected both the ora and mobile helminth while formol either concentration technique and brine floatation technique detected only oral of hookworm

 

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Background information 1
1.2 Aim And Objectives Of The Study 2
1.3 Statement Of Problem Of The Study 3
1.4 Hypothesis 3
1.5 Justification Of The Study 4
1.6 Limitation Of The Study 4

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review 6
2.1 historical review 6
2.2 Helminthes Life Cycle 8
2.3 Epidemiology of Helminthes 13
2.4 Clinical Diagnosis of Helminthes 16
2.5 Laboratory Examination of Helminthes 21
2.6 Transmission Dynamics In Helminthes 26
2.7 Transmission Dynamics In Helminthes 28

2.8 Explanation, preparation and application
of some of the materials use in diagnostic
techniques of stool samples 29

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods 31
3.1 materials 31
3.2 Methods 31
3.3 Collection of Samples 34

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and discussion 35
4.1 results 35

CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and recommendation 70
5.1 Conclusion 70
5.2 Recommendation 70
Reference 72

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.7 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Helminthiasis is a disease condition resulting from helminth infections, Helminth are living organisms that depend on other organisms for their survival and at the same time destroying their host. Ascaris Lumbricoides, Schistosoma Mansoni, Hymenolepsis nana, Loa Loa, Onchocera examples of helminth. Some helminth infections are numbered among the major diseases of mankind. Schistosomiasis, caused by the genus Schistosoma which inhabit blood vessels is a most important cause of morbidity. The complex disease called filariasis, caused by highly pathogenic filarial nemabodes of man such as Wucharia Bancrofbii, Loa Loa, Brugiu Malayi and Ochocera Voluulus are similarly widespread (Dauves, 1994).

Although the rector transmitted filarial nematodes provoke the most dramatic forms of pathotogy such as elephantiasis and river blindness, a wide cycle can also be harmful, especially when present as multiple species infections in poorly nourished patients. Ascariasis is caused by Ascaris Lumbriocoides. Within the helminth, many life cycle modes are utilized and some such as Strongyloides Sterocorals and Hymenolepsis nana use more than one mode of life cycle (Dawes, 1994).

Three techniques were applied in stool examination namely: Direct microscopic examination technique, formed either concentration technique and brine floatation technique. Direct microscope examination is used to detect the ora of helimith and motile flagellates, ciliates and ora of Ascaris Lumbricoides. Formol ether concentration technique is used for the concentration of helminth in feaces, especially the eggs of helminth and cysts of protozoa while the brine floatation technique is suitable for the detection…

 

 

 

 

This article highlights various college of education, polytechnics, universities website in Nigeria.

 

Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo,

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Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri,

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ONIT College of Education, Abagana, .

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St. Augustine College of Education, Yaba,

Yewa Central College of Education, Ogun,

List of Federal Universities in Nigeria

Abubakar Tafawa Belewa University,

Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,

Bayero University, Kano,

Federal University, Gashua,

Federal University of Tech, Akure,

Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun,

Federal University of Technology, Minna,

Federal University of technology, Owerri,

Federal University Dutse,

Federal University Dutsin-Ma,

Federal University, Ndufu-Alike,

Federal University, Otuoke,

Federal University, Wukari,

Federal University, Birnin Kebbi,

Federal University, Gusau

Michael Okpara Univeristy of Agric, Umudike, .

Modibbo Adama University of Tech, Yola, .

National Open University of Nigeria,

Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, .

Nigeria defense Academy, Kaduna, .

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, .

University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, .

University of Agriculture Abeokuta,

University of Agriculture Markurdi,

University of Benin,

University of Calabar,

University of Lagos,

University of Maiduguri,

University of Nigeria Nsukka,

University of Port-Harcourt

University of Uyo, .

Usmanu Danfodiyo University,

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Abia State University, Uturu,

Adamawa State University, Mubi,

Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba,

Amrose Alli University, Ikot Akpaden,

Anambra State University of Sc. & Tech, Uli,

Anambra State University of Sc. & Tech, Uli,

Bauchi State Unibversity, Gadau,

Benue State University Markurdi,

Bukar Abba Ibrahim University, Damaturu,

Cross River State University of Sc. & Tech, Calabar, .

Delta State University Abraka,

Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki,

Ekiti State University,

Enugu State University of Sc. & Tech. Enugu,

Gombe State University, Gombe

Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University,

Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,

Imo state University,Owerri,

Jigawa State University,

Kaduna State University, Kaduna

Kano University of Sc. & Tech, Wudil

Kebbi State University, Kebbi,

Kogi State University, Anyigba,.

Kwara State University, Ilorin, .

Ladoke Akintola university of Tech,

Lagos State University Ojo,

Nasarawa State University, Keffi,

Niger Delta University, Yenagoe,

Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye,

Ondo State University of Sc. & Tech, Okitipupa,

Osun State University, Oshogbo,

Plateau State University, Bokkos,

Rivers State University of Sc. & Tech,

Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-ode,

Taraba State University, Jalingo,

Umaru Musa Yar’Adua University,

Private Universities

Achievers University, Owo,

Adeleke University, Ede,

Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti,

African University of Sc. & Tech, Abuja,

Al-hikmah University, Ilorin,

Ajayi Crowther University, Ibadan,

Al-Qalam University, Katsina,

American University of Nigeria, Yola, .

Babcock University, Ilishan,

Baze University,

Bells University of Technology, Otta,

Benson Idahosa University, Benin,

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Caleb University, Lagos, .

Caritas University, Enugu,

CETEP City University, Lagos,

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Crawford University, Igbesa,

Crescent University,

Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, .

Fountain University, Oshogbo,

Gregory University, Uturu,

Hallmark University,

Igbinedion University, Okada

Joseph Ayo Babalola University,Ikeji,

Kwararafa University, Wukari,

Lead City University, Ibadan,

Madonna University, Okija

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Nigerian-Turkish Nile University, Abuja,

Novena University, Ogume,

Obong University, Obong Ntak, .

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Pan-African University, Lagos,

Paul University, Awka,

Redeemer’s University, Mowe,

Renaissance University, Enugu,

Salem University, Lokoja,

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Tansian University, Umunya, .

University of Mkar

Veritas University, .

Wellspring University, Edo, .

Wesley University of Sc. & Tech, Ondo,

Western Delta University, Oghara

List of all the Federal Polytechnics in Nigeria

    Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force,

    Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force,

    Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana,

Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering,

     Auchi Polytechnic .

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    Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti

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Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, .

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     Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State,

    Federal Polytechnic, Mubi,

   Federal Polytechnic, Namoda,

   Federal Polytechnic, Nassarawa,

  Federal Polytechnic, Nekede,

    Federal Polytechnic, Nekede,

Federal Polytechnic, Offa,

 Federal Polytechnic, Offa,

 Federal Polytechnic, Oko,

Federal School of Dental Technology and Therapy,

Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna,

Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic,

Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering,

Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology

Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi,

Yaba College of Tech,

List of State Polytechnics in Nigeria

 Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo,

Abia State Polytechnic, .

Adamawa State Polytechnic,

Akwa-Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot-Osurua,

Benue State Poly, Ugbokolo,

Gateway Polytechnic, Igbesa,

Rufus Giwa Polytechnic,

Rufus Giwa Polytechnic,

The Polytechnic, Ibadan, .

Institute of Mgt. and Tech,

Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo

Kano State Polytechnic,

Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja,

Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin,

Lagos State Poly, Ikorodu,

Moshood Abiola Poly,

Nasarawa State Polytechnic

Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic,

Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku,

Osun State Poly, Iree,

Osun State Poly, Iree,

Osun State College of Tech, Esa-Oke,

Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro,

Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin-Ladi,

Adamawa State Poly,

Rivers State College of Arts and Science,

Rivers State College of Arts and Science

Rivers State Polytechnic,

Gateway Polytechnic Saapade

Edo State Inst. of Tech and Mgt, Usen,

Niger State Poly, Zungeru, Niger State,

List of Private Polytechnics in Nigeria

Allover Central Polytechnic,

Crown Polytechnics,

Covenant Polytechnic,

Dorben Polytechnic, Bwari-Garam Road,

Fidei Polytechnic, Gboko,

Grace Polytechnic,

Grace Polytechnic,

Igbajo Polytechnic,

The Polytechnic, Ile-Ife, NITEL Road

Lagos City Poly, Ikeja, Lagos State,

Light House Polytechnic, Eubuobanosa,

Interlink Polytechnic,

Kings Polytechnic, Ubiaja,

RONIK Polytechnic,

Shaka Polytechnic, Polytechnic, Benin city,

Temple-Gate Polytechnic,

Wolex Polytechnic

Prime Polytechnic

The Polytechnic Imesi-Ile, Osun

Heritage Polytechnic, Ikot Udota

Ibadan City Polytechnic

 

 

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