INFLUENCE OF NEWS CENSORSHIP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MEDIA HOUSES IN NIGERIA

(A STUDY OF NASARAWA BROADCASTING SERVICE, LAFIA)

 

 

Table of Content

 

 

 

Title page                                                                                                                          i

 

Declaration                                                                                                                        ii

 

Certification Page                                                                                                              iii

 

Dedication                                                                                                                           v

 

Acknowledgement                                                                                                              vi

 

Table of Content                                                                                                                vii

 

List of Content                                                                                                                   x

 

Abstract                                                                                                                              xi

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1	Background of the Study	1
1.2	Statement of the Problem	3
1.3	Objectives of the Study	3
1.4	Research Question	4
1.5	Scope of the Study	4
1.6	Significance of the Study	4
1.7	Operational Definition of Terms	5

 

 

 

CHAPTER TWO: LITERAURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction	6
2.2 Review of concepts	6
2.2.1 The concept of censorship	6
2.2.2 The concept of mass media	13

 

2.2.3 The concept of news	15
2.3. Review of related studies	17
2.4.Theoretical framework	19
2.5 Summary	20

 

 

 

CHAPTER THREE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.1 Introduction		21
3.2	Research Design	21
3.3	Population of the Study	21
3.4	Sampling Technique/ Sampling	21
3.5	Description of the Research Instrument	22
3.6	Validity of data Gathering Instrument	22
3.7	Method of Data Collection	22
3.8	Method of Data Analysis	22

 

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR; DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction		23
4.2	Data Presentation and Analysis	24
4.3	Discussion of Findings	38
CHAPER FIVE; SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction		44
5.2	Summary of Findings	44
5.3	Conclusion	45
5.4	Recommendations	45
5.5	Suggestion for Further Studies	45

 

References	46
Appendix A	47
Appendix B	48

 

LIST OF TABLES
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA TABLES
Table 1; Demographic Data on Sex	24
Table 2; Age range	24
Table 3; Marital status	25
Table 4; Educational qualifications	25
Table 5; How long have you worked in Nasarawa Broadcasting Service	26
Table 6; what cadre are you	27
Data from survey table
Table 7; meaning of censorship	28
Table 8; is censorship practiced in Nasarawa Broadcasting Service?	28
Table 9; to what extent is news censored in NasarawaBroadcasting Service?	29
Table 10; what form of news censorship is practiced in Nasarawa Broadcasting service?	30
Table 11; which of the following measures have you experienced?	30
Table 12; what is the reason given for news censorship in your organization?	31
Table 13; what do you think encourages news censorship am0ng journalist?	32
Table 14; do you think news censorship can affect the performance of a media house?	33
Table 15; if yes, how?	33

 

Table 16; Does news censorship in whatever form practiced influence objectivity, accuracy and

balance in news	34
Table 17; how does news censorship influence news objectivity accuracy and balance?	35
Table 18; has news censorship influence your performance in anyway?	35
Table 19; if yes, in what way?	36
Table 20; In the long run what will be the effect of this social phenomenon?	36

 

Table 21; would you suggest that news censorship should not be practiced no matter the reasons

 

given?	37
Table 22; what steps should be taken to minimize news censorship?	38

 

Abstract

 

The aim of this study was to analysis the influence of News Censorship on the Performance of Media Houses in Nigeria. The aim of this study was achieved using the survey research method. Subjects were drawn from staff of Nasarawa Broadcasting service using the purposive sampling technique. Five research questions were used in the study. The findings of the study showed that, news censorship has negative influence on the performance media houses, news objectivity, accuracy and balance and on reporters and editors. However, recommendations were by the researchers that reporters and editors should be given the freedom to gather and disseminate news without prior and post censorship and self-censorship for the interest of the public and for news objectivity, accuracy and balance; which should be priority of every media house. However, this freedom should be matched with maximum responsibility to ensure continuous public and government trust in the media. The researcher suggested that further study should be made using more refined tools, larger sample size and another geographical area that will give the study a wider scope and empirical lift.

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

 

1.1 Background of the study

 

 

The primary function of the mass media is to provide information, escapism, and entertainment, give self-worth and link different societies to other societies. (Ndolo, 2006).In any country, the media is expected to be the voice of the voiceless and to seek justice, which is the true nature of journalism.

 

The media, in the performance of its duty is expected to be neutral, objective and balanced. However, achieving this has proven to be difficult due to some factors, the most significant of all, being censorship of the media.

 

In Nigeria, as well as other developing countries, freedom is still elusive based on historical information. The media began without any definite statutory control. For instance, the first

 

documented newspaper „IweIroyin (1859)‟ was p regulating the activities of publishers. Although this unregulated situation did not remain

 

unchecked as the government grew increasingly unsettled by media content. It experienced occasional interruption by the then colonial government. This unrest increased with the emergence of nationalist papers and the need for media independence became inevitable.

 

Since the attainment of independence in 1960, the mass media have been attributed to extra-legal control measures imposed on them to restrict their social responsibilities. It was more felt during the military regime.

 

 

Since 1999, the role the media played in ushering in democracy cannot be over-emphasized as they helped to inform, educate and serve as watchdog over the society. In spite of this, it is obvious that the disposition of the society towards the media have not been favourable. Hence, there is need for this research, to find out the extent and influence of news censorship on the performance of media.

 

Historical Background of Nasarawa Broadcasting Service

 

 

In 1959, when the then premier of Western region of Nigeria established a broadcasting station. It has become the practice in Nigeria for states to own their broadcasting stations. Desirous of the need to provide social service by way of educating, enlightening, entertaining and informing the general public of government programmes and activities, the Nasarawa State government enacted an Edict No 19 of 1998, establishing Nasarawa Broadcasting Service NBS.

 

Nasarawa Broadcasting Service had its pioneers staff deployed from Plateau Radio and

 

Television (PRTV) Jos. The station‟s name was by the first military administrator Late Wing Commander Abdullah Ibrahim. Nasarawa

 

Broadcasting Service started transmission in February 1997 at the temporary state secretariat along Shendam Road Lafia.

 

Nasarawa Broadcasting Service is a two in one broadcast outfit (Radio and Television) and operates on a 2kilowatts transmitter (Itelco product) supplied by Kris OnyeKwuluje of Lagos. Nasarawa Broadcasting Service was found to be using the same frequency as Hot 93.5 FM in Abuja and was letter changed to 97.1 FM by NBC in 1997.

 

• Statement of the Problem

 

 

In many countries of the world, particularly the developing countries, the media have freedom to publish or broadcast whatever is in the best interest of the society. In developing countries like Nigeria, despite the fact that it has several laws, especially Section 39 Sub-Section

 

(1) of 1999 constitution, which gave right to the media and stipulates that:

 

 

“Every                person   shall   be   entitled   to   f

 

 

Including freedom to hold opinions and to receive and

 

 

Impact                                                              ideas   and   information   without

 

 

 

Inspite of what the constitution has stipulated, government and other influential individuals still infringe on those rights and hinder the delivery of news objectivity. The question this study seeks to answer is, how has news censorship by government influence the performance of Nasarawa State Broadcasting Service?

 

• Objectives of the Study

 

 

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