Isolation And Identification Of Staphylococcus Aureus Associated In Contaminated “Okpa” (Bambara Groundnut) Voundzies Subterenea
Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone for more materials and others
COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA
Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.
ORDER NOW
GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631
Note: We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer. We will respond to you anytime of the day.
Or
Pay Online Using Your Atm Card. It Is Secured And Reliable.
form>
Call Help Desk On : 08074466939,08063386834.
After Payment Send Your Payment Details To
08074466939 Or 08063386834, The Project Title You Selected From Our Website, Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Ur Email Address,Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.
WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.
MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone for more materials and others
You May Also Need: Web Design Company in Nigeria.
You May Also Need: Bulk sms Company in Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
“Okpa” a processed food from bambara groundnut is a major source of dietary protein, and forms a major food in the Easter in part of Nigeria.
Isolation and identification of staphylococcus eureus associated with contaminated “Okpa” was were brought from Ogbete, Kenyatta and New Market different times of the day (8.00am, 12noon, 4.00pm).
Isolate from the study also include salmonella species Clostridum botulmm Bacillius Cereus Campylobacter Jejum, Aenomoanas hydrophilia.
This study has shown that temperature is a very important determinant of microbial physiology and their availability in media. The importance of hygiene cannot be over emphasized.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim and Objectives 5
1.2 Statement of Problems 6
1.3 Hypothesis 6
1.4 Limitations 6
1.5 Justification 7
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 8
2.1 Legumes and Food 8
CHAPTER THREE:
Methodology 16
3.0 Method of Sample Collection and Material 16
3.1 Materials 18
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result 25
4.1 Mean Bacterial Count on “Okpa” in different
media at different time of the day 27
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussions 30
5.1 Recommendation/Conclusion 32
References 34
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE I: Mean bacterial count of “okpa” in different media at different time of the day.
TABLE II: Identification of Bacteria Isolated from “Okpa”
TABLE III: Flow chart showing production of “okpa” from Bambara groundnut.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The legumes used as food can be divided into two groups, pulses and oil seed pulses are the dried seed of cultivated legumes while oil seeds are those legumes cultivated primarily for the oil content which may be extracted by pressing or by solvent extraction, the residue being a high protein cake. The nutritive properties of pulses resemble. Pulses are rich in lysine, in which many cereals are deficient legumes contain a considerable amount of carbohydrate (60% on the average) mainly starch, which is generally well digested and absorbed.
(Report of an Adhoc panel of the Advisory committee on Technology Innovation 1984) legumes generally contain low fat.
Pulses are good sources of B – group of vitamins. Greater part of these vitamins present in the harvested seeds are actually consumed unlike in cercals (rice and wheat) where there are losses that may arise during melling and cooking of rice. Pulses have therefore a well deserved reputation as a food will protect consumers against beri – beri (Davidson, 1975).
Bambara groundnut is one of the most popular pulses among Africans. It produces a nutritions food and is cultivated throughout Africa.
“Okpa is a processed food from Bambara groundnut with its biological name as voandzers subterenea by (Onyekwere, 1977). It forms a major sources of dietary protein food in the Eastern part of Nigeria among the Ibo’s especially those from Enugu State Bambara groundnut is produced in pods and its seasonal.
In some of Eastern States of Nigeria “Okpa” is considered as second to bread. (Report of an Adhoc panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation 1984). The Bambara seeds are also known as to have different names among the different ethnic groups in Nigeria. The Ibo’s call it “Okpa”, the Hausa’s call it “juijiya”, while the Yoruba’s call it “Epivour”.
In Eastern parts of the Nigeria, the flour from the seed is prepared and eaten as “Okpa”. This is gotten by mulling dry mature seed, mux with hot water and condiments to form paste. The resulting paste is wrapped in non absorbent leaves and steamed to solidify okpa, is a favourbale food especially among those who are familiar with it.
Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical bacterium (coccus) which on microscopic examination appears in pairs, short claims, or bunched, orape – life chisters.
The organism are gram – positive. Some strains are capable of producing a highly heat stable protein toxin that cause illness in humans. The on set of symptoms in staphylococcus food poisoning is usually rapid and in many eases acute, depending on individual susceptibility to toxin, the amount of contaminated ingested and the general health of victim. The most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal grapping, and prostration some individuals may not always demonstrate all the symptoms associated with the illness like sever cases, headache, muscles cramping, and transient changes in blood pressure and pulse rate may occur.
According to Hobbs and Robert (1993) package food gets contaminated with micro organism during the processing period. These includes the water for preparation, cooking utensils, the milking machine, the food handlers and packaging materials, if not properly washed.
This Staphylococcus aureus found in “Okpa” enter the host cell, invade and multiply in or on the body tissue of the host. It was early in the 20th century that bacteria was first recognized as against of food – poisoning and food borne disease (Hobbs and Roberts, 1993). This bacteria includes:- Clostrdum Perfringes salmonella specie, Bacillus cereus campylobacter jejuni are known as food poisoning agent common in many countries Glostridium Botulmum is a hazard in Northern countries and Japan. Certan types of Escherichia Coli are known to cause diarrhoea in adult, which is often referred to as travelers diarrhoea. Streptococli are occasionally incriminated in food poisoning other organisms, particularly the common gram negative bacilli have been reported from times to time (Hobbs and Roberts, 1993).
The aim of this work therefore is to determine the bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus found in contaminated “okpa” at different time of the day (ie determine) when “okpa” like every other food is no longer good for human consumption. It is hoped that result from this investigation will provide useful information on the bacteria contamination of “okpa” and lead to improvement in the method of “okpa”
This article highlights various college of education website in Nigeria. We provide free school Past Questions and answer, jamb exams, jamb registration Form and Admissions List to various students to gain admission into Federal, State and Private College Of Education In Nigeria. This article will also help students to check admission status of various institutions in Nigeria at a go.
Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, past questions, form and admissions list
Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri, past questions, form and admissions list
Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Educ. Abeokuta, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Kano, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Katsina, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal college of Education, Kontagora, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Obudu, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Okene, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Okene, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Pankshin, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Yola, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education, Zaria, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Education (Special) Oyo, past questions, form and admissions list
State college of education Past Questions, jamb exam, jamb registration Form And Admissions List
College of Education, Agbor, past questions, form and admissions list
Akwa-Ibom State College of Education, Afaha-Nsit, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Akwanga, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Akwanga, past questions, form and admissions list
Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa, past questions, form and admissions list
Adamu Augie College of Education, Argungu, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Azare, past questions, form and admissions list
Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoama, past questions, form and admissions list
Emmanuel Alyande College of Education, Oyo, past questions, form and admissions list
Enugu State College of Education (Tech.) Enugu, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Ekiadolor, past questions, form and admissions list
Umar Suleiman College of Education, Gashua, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Gindiri, past questions, form and admissions list
Michael Otedola College of Primary Education, Moforiji, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Port Harcourt, past questions, form and admissions list
Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Otto, past questions, form and admissions list
Tai Solarin College of Education, Ijebu-Ode, past questions, form and admissions list
Tai Solarin College of Education, Ijebu-Ode, past questions, form and admissions list
Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Ikere, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Ilesha, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Ilesha, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Ilorin, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Jalingo, past questions, form and admissions list
Kano State College of Education, Kumbotso, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Benue, past questions, form and admissions list
Kebbi State College of Education, Argungu, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Minna, past questions, form and admissions list
Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Oju, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Oro, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Oro, past questions, form and admissions list
Oyo State College of Education, Oyo, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Warri, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Warri, past questions, form and admissions list
FCT College of Education, Zuba, past questions, form and admissions list
Private college of education in Nigeria Past Questions, jamb exam, jamb registration Form And Admissions List
Angel Crown College of Education, Gidan-Daya, past questions, form and admissions list
Elder Oyama Memorial College of Education, Ofat-Adun, past questions, form and admissions list
Assanusiyah College of Education, Odeomu, past questions, form and admissions list
African Thinkers Community of inquiry College of Education, past questions, form and admissions list
Best Legacy College of Education, Ikirun, past questions, form and admissions list
Bauchi Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, past questions, form and admissions list
Calvin Foundation College of Education, Naka, past questions, form and admissions list
Harvard Wilson College of Education, Aba, past questions, form and admissions list
Hill College of Education, Akwanga, past questions, form and admissions list
Institute of Ecumenical Education, Enugu, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Foreign Links Campus Moro, past questions, form and admissions list
College of Education, Foreign Links Campus Moro, past questions, form and admissions list
Diamond College of education aba . past questions,jamb news, admission form and list
Muhyideen College of Education, Ilorin, past questions, form and admissions list
ONIT College of Education, Abagana, past questions, form and admissions list
The African Church College of Education, Lagos, past questions, form and admissions list
St. Augustine College of Education, Yaba, past questions, form and admissions list
Yewa Central College of Education, Ogun, past questions, form and admissions list
List of Federal Universities in Nigeria
Abubakar Tafawa Belewa University, past questions, form and admissions list
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, past questions, form and admissions list
Bayero University, Kano, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University, Gashua, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University of Tech, Akure, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University of Technology, Minna, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University of technology, Owerri, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University Dutse, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University Dutsin-Ma, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University, Otuoke, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University, Wukari, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, past questions, form and admissions list
Michael Okpara Univeristy of Agric, Umudike, past questions, form and admissions list
Modibbo Adama University of Tech, Yola, past questions, form and admissions list
National Open University of Nigeria, past questions, form and admissions list
Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, past questions, form and admissions list
Nigeria defense Academy, Kaduna, past questions, form and admissions list
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, past questions, form and admissions list
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Agriculture Abeokuta, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Agriculture Markurdi, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Benin, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Calabar, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Lagos, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Maiduguri, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Nigeria Nsukka, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Port-Harcourt, past questions, form and admissions list
University of Uyo, past questions, form and admissions list
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, past questions, form and admissions list
List of State Universities in Nigeria admission list
Abia State University, Uturu, past questions, form and admissions list
Adamawa State University, Mubi, past questions, form and admissions list
Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, past questions, form and admissions list
Amrose Alli University, Ikot Akpaden, past questions, form and admissions list
Anambra State University of Sc. & Tech, Uli, past questions, form and admissions list
Anambra State University of Sc. & Tech, Uli, past questions, form and admissions list
Bauchi State Unibversity, Gadau, past questions, form and admissions list
Benue State University Markurdi, past questions, form and admissions list
Bukar Abba Ibrahim University, Damaturu, past questions, form and admissions list
Cross River State University of Sc. & Tech, Calabar, past questions, form and admissions list
Delta State University Abraka, past questions, form and admissions list
Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, past questions, form and admissions list
Ekiti State University, past questions, form and admissions list
Enugu State University of Sc. & Tech. Enugu, past questions, form and admissions list
Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, past questions, form and admissions list
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, past questions, form and admissions list
Imo state University,Owerri, past questions, form and admissions list
Jigawa State University, past questions, form and admissions list
Kaduna State University, Kaduna past questions, form and admissions list
Kano University of Sc. & Tech, Wudil
Kebbi State University, Kebbi, past questions, form and admissions list
Kogi State University, Anyigba, past questions, form and admissions list
Kwara State University, Ilorin, past questions, form and admissions list
Ladoke Akintola university of Tech, past questions, form and admissions list
Lagos State University Ojo, past questions, form and admissions list
Nasarawa State University, Keffi, past questions, form and admissions list
Niger Delta University, Yenagoe, past questions, form and admissions list
Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, past questions, form and admissions list
Ondo State University of Sc. & Tech, Okitipupa, past questions, form and admissions list
Osun State University, Oshogbo, past questions, form and admissions list
Plateau State University, Bokkos, past questions, form and admissions list
Rivers State University of Sc. & Tech, past questions, form and admissions list
Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-ode, past questions, form and admissions list
Taraba State University, Jalingo, past questions, form and admissions list
Umaru Musa Yar’Adua University, past questions, form and admissions list
Private Universities
Achievers University, Owo, past questions, form and admissions list
Adeleke University, Ede, past questions, form and admissions list
Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, past questions, form and admissions list
African University of Sc. & Tech, Abuja, past questions, form and admissions list
Al-hikmah University, Ilorin, past questions, form and admissions list
Ajayi Crowther University, Ibadan, past questions, form and admissions list
Al-Qalam University, Katsina, past questions, form and admissions list
American University of Nigeria, Yola, past questions, form and admissions list
Babcock University, Ilishan, past questions, form and admissions list
Baze University, past questions, form and admissions list
Bells University of Technology, Otta, past questions, form and admissions list
Benson Idahosa University, Benin, past questions, form and admissions list
Bingham University, New Karu, past questions, form and admissions list
Bowen University, Iwo, past questions, form and admissions list
Caleb University, Lagos, past questions, form and admissions list
Caritas University, Enugu, past questions, form and admissions list
CETEP City University, Lagos, past questions, form and admissions list
Covenant University, Ota, past questions, form and admissions list
Crawford University, Igbesa, past questions, form and admissions list
Crescent University, past questions, form and admissions list
Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, past questions, form and admissions list
Fountain University, Oshogbo, past questions, form and admissions list
Gregory University, Uturu, past questions, form and admissions list
Hallmark University, past questions, form and admissions list
Joseph Ayo Babalola University,Ikeji, past questions, form and admissions list
Kwararafa University, Wukari, past questions, form and admissions list
Lead City University, Ibadan, past questions, form and admissions list
Nigerian-Turkish Nile University, Abuja, past questions, form and admissions list
Novena University, Ogume, past questions, form and admissions list
Obong University, Obong Ntak, past questions, form and admissions list
Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, past questions, form and admissions list
Pan-African University, Lagos, past questions, form and admissions list
Paul University, Awka, past questions, form and admissions list
Redeemer’s University, Mowe, past questions, form and admissions list
Renaissance University, Enugu, past questions, form and admissions list
Salem University, Lokoja, past questions, form and admissions list
Tansian University, Umunya, past questions, form and admissions list
Veritas University, past questions, form and admissions list
Wellspring University, Edo, past questions, form and admissions list
Wesley University of Sc. & Tech, Ondo, past questions, form and admissions list
Western Delta University, Oghara
List of all the Federal Polytechnics in Nigeria
Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force, past questions, form and admissions list
Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force, past questions, form and admissions list
Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, past questions, form and admissions list
Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering, past questions, form and admissions list
Auchi Polytechnic past questions, form and admissions list
Auchi Polytechnic past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Bida, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Bida, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Ida, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Ida, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Namoda, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Nassarawa, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Offa, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Offa, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal Polytechnic, Oko, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal School of Dental Technology and Therapy, past questions, form and admissions list
Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, past questions, form and admissions list
Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering, past questions, form and admissions list
Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, past questions, form and admissions list
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi, past questions, form and admissions list
Yaba College of Tech, past questions, form and admissions list
List of State Polytechnics in Nigeria
Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo, past questions, form and admissions list
Abia State Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Adamawa State Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Akwa-Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot-Osurua, past questions, form and admissions list
Benue State Poly, Ugbokolo, past questions, form and admissions list
Gateway Polytechnic, Igbesa, past questions, form and admissions list
Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
The Polytechnic, Ibadan, past questions, form and admissions list
Institute of Mgt. and Tech, past questions, form and admissions list
Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, past questions, form and admissions list
Kano State Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja, past questions, form and admissions list
Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, past questions, form and admissions list
Lagos State Poly, Ikorodu, past questions, form and admissions list
Moshood Abiola Poly, past questions, form and admissions list
Nasarawa State Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, past questions, form and admissions list
Osun State Poly, Iree, past questions, form and admissions list
Osun State Poly, Iree, past questions, form and admissions list
Osun State College of Tech, Esa-Oke, past questions, form and admissions list
Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, past questions, form and admissions list
Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin-Ladi, past questions, form and admissions list
Adamawa State Poly, past questions, form and admissions list
Rivers State College of Arts and Science, past questions, form and admissions list
Rivers State College of Arts and Science, past questions, form and admissions list
Rivers State Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Gateway Polytechnic Saapade, past questions, form and admissions list
Edo State Inst. of Tech and Mgt, Usen, past questions, form and admissions list
Niger State Poly, Zungeru, Niger State, past questions, form and admissions list
List of Private Polytechnics in Nigeria
Allover Central Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Crown Polytechnics, past questions, form and admissions list
Covenant Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Dorben Polytechnic, Bwari-Garam Road, past questions, form and admissions list
Fidei Polytechnic, Gboko, past questions, form and admissions list
Grace Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Grace Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Igbajo Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
The Polytechnic, Ile-Ife, NITEL Road, past questions, form and admissions list
Lagos City Poly, Ikeja, Lagos State, past questions, form and admissions list
Light House Polytechnic, Eubuobanosa, past questions, form and admissions list
Interlink Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Kings Polytechnic, Ubiaja, past questions, form and admissions list
RONIK Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Shaka Polytechnic, Polytechnic, Benin city, past questions, form and admissions list
Temple-Gate Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Wolex Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
Prime Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list
The Polytechnic Imesi-Ile, Osun, past questions, form and admissions list
Heritage Polytechnic, Ikot Udota, past questions, form and admissions list
Ibadan City Polytechnic, past questions, form and admissions list