MAGAZINE READERSHIP ATTITUDE OF STUDENT UNDER GRADUATES (A CASE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, ENUGU).
ABSTRACT
This research work was carried out to ascertain the magazine readership attitude of student’s undergraduates.
To do this, the research formulates some research questions and also mapped out some objectives. The study was based on students of the Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu. A sample of respondents was sampled with a designed questionnaire.
The data generated were later analyzed using tables. From the research objectives and findings made the following conclusions were drawn.
- That magazine contents should be believable as it enhances students future career.
- That good reading culture among the students should be enhances to increase the level of literacy.
- That students reading attitude have changed from gossip to news magazines for more educational social, political and economic development.
- The kind of magazine students read determines their future career.
Apparently, recommendations were also prescribed based policy and the need for more research intellectual enhancement. These if implemented will assist the media practitioners improve their performance and professionalism, thereby boosting the sustainability of magazine producing.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION:
1.1 Background of study 1 – 6
1.2(a) statement of research problem 6 – 7
1.2(b) statement of research problem 7 – 6
- Objectives of the study 8 – 9
- Signification of the study 9
- Research questions 9 – 10
- Definition of terms 10 – 14
- Limitation of the study 14
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Source of literature 15
- Introduction 15
- Theoretical framework 16 – 23
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- Research methodology 24
- Research design 25
- Area of study 26
- Population 26 – 27
- Sample size 27
- Sampling technique 27 – 28
- Instrument for data collection 28
- Administration of the questionnaire 28 – 29
- Method of data analysis 29
References 30
CHAPTER FOUR
- Data presentation and analysis 31 – 39
- Discussions and findings 39 – 45
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusion and recommendation 46 – 49
References 50 – 51
Bibliography 52 – 53
Questionnaire 54 – 57
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF STUDY
This project is an attempt to ascertain the magazine readership attitude of students in the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu.
Magazine is a weekly or monthly publication or periodical, usually in colour for attracting attention getting with stories, Articles and other editorial normally by various writers and Contributors.
Ordinarily magazine is like newspaper, but is coloured embellished with humor and human-interest stories in order to make it attract and retain readers, its contents include, advertisement, pictures, cartoons, diagrammed and graphic sketches.
The first magazine to be published was the Review, which was published by Daniel Defoe in 1704. He began with the weekly periodical published in England. Equally in the United State, Benjamin Frankly, published both the “Pennsylvania gazette and general magazine” it reached
all the American colonies as early as 1776. Between January 1775 and July 1776 Thomas Paine published the “common sense”.
In 1880, Louis Doddery dounded Godley’s Lady’s Book, a magazine for woman. Many other magazines have emerged in the industry all over the word.
Bringing the in story of publication home in Nigeria, the magazine industry is one of a peculiar interest the country ever had. A look at any newsstand shows an avalanche of colours and titles that vie for attraction and readership perhaps it is a testimony of the popularity of magazine in the country. It is a field of many births and deaths.
In the 70’s and 80’s we had in circulation magazine such as drum, trust, joy and sadness etc. Due to evolutionary trends in magazine publication today and are gradually replaced by more dynamic.
Magazine that are today pointer to the growth and survival of magazine
Industry. Among the existing ones are the insiders. News watch, Tell, The news Economist, Global excellence etc. These are under the hard news magazine, but there are others under the special interest magazines these
includes; comic and photo magazine such as poise hints, hearts, better love, Ikebe super etc.
These magazine although serve the interest of the public these are some magazines fashioned and packaged for the interest of some special groups. The different magazines addressing different audience, which is made up of
Different strata of human beings. The News magazine are strictly concerned with hard facts, such reports are presented in the straight news formular which
deals mostly on things of general interest, politics, economy, international relations, health and agriculture, crime, social development, stock exchange etc, and such magazines includes, Tell, News watch, the news, and the insider etc. The special interest magazine creates issues of the softer side of life. They try to explore the lives of members of the society and the social orientations of the society in form of aesthetics. These magazine publish issues on fashion, demotic manuals and romance such magazine includes, taints, hearts classique etc.
All these are geared towards the major roles communication. Informing, educating, entertaining and persuading the general public.
Naturally, the favourable attitude towards any magazine by its readers is attributed to many variables.
This is true because people have their different reasons for reading what ever they read, and their reasons for media selection is equally a factor of what the media can offer C.D. Macdougal of new York publication company “1977” believed that, magazine are read by some people because they take the reader behind the scene of the days action, relate the news items to readers framework and cognizance interpret the fact, put factual in perspective, adduce meaning into news and help to point out significance of current events.
Coming to narrow it down to the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu students, more specifically the students magazine readership attitude as the topic implies for them to make choice among different magazines, they have to apply the use of their perceptual power and their selective perception in selecting from the numerous magazine, tendency that their taste, choice and reading habits of magazine will differ from those of the other people in the society.
Students reads magazine to know the trends of development in our society through the reading of magazine they are made to know the rate
with which the development plans of the government. As everybody is now alert to know developmental changes in the society both politically, socially, economically educationally and so on, students are not left out as it helps to develop their knowledge.
Developing their educational levels is another reason why students read magazines. Reading makes them to develop their vocabulary speech and flair for writing as some have been in the Journalistic field.
Considering why students read magazine and Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu as a citadel of learning, these students as the future directors, producer, managers, marketers, industrialists etc will go for the magazine that will give them that orientation they require for them in future career.
This study will indicate either the benefit that students derive from reading magazines expands their education horizon. At the end we will be able to know whose interest.
1.2(A) STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
Magazine as one of the various media of Mass Communication has the responsibility of informing, educating and entertaining.
In considering the education workload and limited time frame of the students and of their environment and life they’re every tendency that their taste, choice and reading habits of magazine will differ from those of the other people in the society.
Students reads magazine to know the trends of development in our society through the reading of magazine they are made to know the rate with the development plans of the government. As everybody is now at alert to know development changes in the society both politically, socially, economically, educationally and so on, students are not left out as it helps to develop their knowledge.
Developing their educational levels is another reason why students read magazines. Reading makes them to develop their vocabulary speech and flair for writing as some have been in the Journalistic field.
Considering why students read magazine and institute of management and technology, (IMT) Enugu as a citadel of learning, these students as the future directors, producer, managers, marketers, industrialists etc will go for the magazine that will give them that orientation they require for the in future career.
This study will indicate either the benefit that students derive from reading magazines expands their education horizon. At the end we will be able to know whose interest.
1.2(B) STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLE
Magazine as one of the various media of mass communication has the responsibility of informing, educating and entertaining.
Reader’s choice of magazine there will depend on the one that gives them adequate information that is of interest to them, the one that educates and entertains more.
The question therefore is, what motivates the students to red the type of magazines they read and why they don’t read others.
With special reference to the institute of management and technology (IMT), Enugu students.
This study will also find out low they perceive the magazine they read, the type of information the magazines carry and how they affect their life. Another problem is to find out the Journalistic standard, maintained by this magazines and how much they adhere to the processions code of conduct in terms of content and style.
Finally, this will also discover how much these magazines have helped mobilize, socialize and educate its readers and to what direction.
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of the study is to explore the magazine readership of students in the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu.
This work will also offer suggestion and solution to certain communication puzzles, by extracting ideas from the seasoned authorities in Communication study.
- SIGNIFICATION OF THE STUDY
This is to educate and enlighten potential publishers on what their audience is made up of and what interests them most. This will help the publishers to determine the quality of his magazine and the type of articles to feature to catch the interest of the audience. Another relevance of the study is to expose the reading habit of students to enable publishers know where and how to circulate such magazine considering the population density will highlight how and why students read magazines has either contributed to the societal growth or how it has negatively affected.
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- How do you rate the information content of magazine?
- Are students attracted to one particular type of magazine instead of another?
- Does this attraction to one particular type of magazine have anything to do with the cost of procuring the source of information?
- Do demographic factors such as sex influence the decision of students toward magazine readership?
- Does your future career affect your reading habit?
- When do students read magazine most?
- What contents of the magazines do the students read most?
To effectively carryout this research the method to be used is by application of the questionnaire. Questionnaires are going to be distributed to students in various departments under various schools.
CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL
1.6 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS.
- MAGAZINES:
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: It is a bound pamphlet published periodically which contains news stories and variety of other reading matter. Example Tell Magazine, The Insider, The news etc.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: This is a strapped pamphlet published either weekly, bi-weekly news stories that are meant purely for
informing and educating its largest audience. It therefore contains such hard news as politics, economy, informational relations, health and agriculture which are presented in straight news formular which deals most on things of general interest.
- NEWS MAGAZINE
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: This medium presents stories in factorized and article forms, in strictly manners and forms. Its stories are usually thoroughly investigative which in turn leads their presentation of in depth, Analytical and Evaluative features and articles (e.g.) of News magazine are This week, News watch, Tell, The insider etc.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: It is a strapped pamphlet published either weekly bi-weekly news stories that are meant to adequately inform, educate and entertain, enlighten it audience on various issues of importance.
- SPECIAL INTEREST MAGAZINE CONCEPTUAL
DEFINITION: This type of magazine meant or written in special language and directed to a segmented group of people versed in a particular profession or trade. Its Terminologies in use are specifically tailored and can only be understood by members of that group. Example includes medical academic Engineering, Architectural, legal etc.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS: This is a medium of communication meant for a specialized audience. It is endowed with place of information
and other items that are purely meant to develop, inform educate and entertain it target audience.
- 4. ATTITUDE
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: Any condition of things for relation of persons viewed as expressing some thought, feelings etc.
OPERATION DEFINITION: Way of thinking or feeling of the student’s undergraduates towards magazine readership.
- READERSHIP
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: The number of people who look at and understand or say aloud written or printed words.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: This is the number of people likely to read a particular magazine print medium publication at any given period. This does not imply the rates of circulate.
- PUBLICATIONS
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: This is the act of making news information etc, public, the act of publishing a book, newspaper etc.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: It is the act of packaging specialized massage to a specialized audience through the magazine print medium.
- MEDIA
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: A means (especially television, radio, Newspaper and magazine) by which news etc is made public.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: Comprises of professionals in the practitioner field of various forms of mass communication.
ASSUMPTIONS
In the course of this study, certain assumption was made. The first is that the motive behind the establishment of any magazine print medium should be to provide information to educate and to entertain especially the student’s undergraduates in the Nigerian society so as to make or prepare them for active participation in the affairs of this great action thereafter.
We therefore assume that the magazine content that is well packaged to the specialized audience will in no small measure provide adequate knowledge. Information on various vital societal issues especially those concerning the student folks.
Finally, we assume that establishment of the magazine medium as a means of communication will not be only useful and relevant to the students undergraduates but also to those them in other fields of endeavor also for their effective and efficient participation and contribution in both issues of national and international concerns.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In the course of writing this topic, there is enough time given and materials were provided and information needed were supplied by the students equally, my supervisor was of great help to me by guiding me thoroughly through his corrections and advice.
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