NEWSPAPER READERSHIP PATTERN AMONG MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (UNEC) ENUGU CAMPUS

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

1.2     Statement of the Problem

1.3     Purpose of the Study

1.4     Scope of the Study

1.5     Research Questions

1.6     Hypothesis

1.7     The Significance of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

2.1     Sources of Literature Review

2.2     Theoretical France Work

2.3     The Review

2.4     Summary of Literature

CHAPTER THRRE

3.0     Methodology

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Sampling Produce

3.3     Justification

3.4     Measuring Instrument

3.5     Data Analysis

3.6     Expected Result

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data Presentation and Result and Summary

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Discussion, Recommendations and Suggestion

References

Appendix

Questionnaire

 

LIST OF TABLES

4.1     Reponses on the number of respondents that read newspaper last week together with those that didn’t read.

4.2     Responses on the number of newspaper read yesterday by respondents

4.3     Responses on the number of days in last six days that read newspaper.

4.4     Responses on the spent in reading newspaper by respondents.

4.5     Responses on reasons for non-newspaper reading respondents

4.6     Reponses on Articles on newspaper about women fancies

4.7     Responses on Materials preferred to read in the newspaper by Respondents.

4.8     Responses on Newspaper reading commenced period serious of both male and female respondents.

 

ABSTRACT

This research is a demographic study. It therefore made use of the sample survey method of social science to explore and highlight newspaper readership pattern among male and female students of UNEC.

This sample of the respondents was taken from resident students of Enugu campus. 330 sample size out of 3,719 population size of the UNEC students. 190 is male student while 140 is female students.

The research made three assumption:

1. That male students are more likely to be newspaper readers than female students.
2. That male students are more likely to red information on national and international newspaper than female student
3. That female students are more likely to read entertainment material than male students.

The data generated to uphold or invalidate these hypothesis were through the administration of questionnaires to the 330 respondents.

The first hypothesis was uphold as my research found that 91% of male respondents read newspaper last week. About 42.3% of male read newspaper for longest period, 26-30 minutes while only 8%  of female respondents read newspaper for the same period.

The data collected also supported the second and third hypothesis, since the content preference by male respondents was very high in the are of sports, 19.4%, foreign news 16.7% and national news 15.5% while the content preference by female respondents was very high in area of human interest are it is 17.6%, fashion 16% and cartoons is 16%. The data collected did nit invalidate any of the three hypothesis.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study

The oldest of mass media is print, which started from ancient times by a German Scientist, Johanna Gutenberg; who was adjudged the investor of the modern printed word, when he printed the First Bible in 1450 AD. Since then, the print media family has not only developed, but multiplied and become the popular channels of mass communication.

Newspaper, apart from being the mirror of the world, is also a popular tool for he dissemination of information ideas and opinions.

Eze C.C. (2004) said, that newspapers are essential member of the print medium of communication, as they are major conveyors of features and articles.

Ameh C.C (2005) said, that newspapers are famous for bringing to the readers news about recent occurrences in the society.

As a matter of fact, the first Nigerian newspaper was “JWE IROHIN”. This was published in the year 1859 by a missionary, Rev. Henry Townsend, who established a printing press. The growth of Nigerian press form 1950 till now has been tremendous. The press in Nigeria clearly had an immense task to perform during the era of the British colonialism. These task are more tedious today because of the social and economic revolution that those country is undergoing and which is expected to continue for many years.

Since the introduction of newspaper in Nigeria, several newspaper have sprung up including Sunday Newspaper, Daily newspaper and vernacular newspaper. The pattern of ownership of these newspapers varied. Some are government owned, while others are privately owned. With many news in circulation, people’s readership pattern changed considerably. People’s interest on newspaper readership pattern varied with the news content some people like to read about politic, economy, foreign news sports (information) while others are interested in reading cartoons, fashion, feminine fancies, human interest news, crime and accident reports (entertainment).

Many newspaper organizations are constantly carrying out readership pattern research to know readers interest so that they can adjust the contents of their newspapers in order to sustain their numerous readers.

This is not the case with Nigerian editors. Of newspaper organizations. They only talk about the increase or decrease in circulation figures. But the readership, study of newspaper organization to know their female readers and the want of their male readers. It is believed that young  female members of Nigeria society have negative responses to the mass media especially newspaper readership.

A lot of people have believe that this negative attitude of the Nigeria Young females stem from the fact that they are always engulfed in other activities. If such is the case, how can they get information of what is happening in their immediate environment? Will these young women not end up being uniformed if they neglect the dailies? How will they get information on what is happening in other countries and the world at large? Will they depend on their male counterparts foe such information? Several studies have proved that male are more likely to be news readers than females, like in a study done by Larry .I. Weber and Dan .B. Fleming found out that boys watched both local and national news and read a daily newspaper more than girls.

The decision to research into this topic was prompted by a grassroots observation by learned Nigeria society young women hardly read newspapers, that men read newspaper often then women and also that women readers are interested in entertainment news like cartoons, fashion, Feminine Fancies, human interest, infact, news that gives immediate reward. It is also observed that males read more of news dealing on politics, economics, sport, foreign news and these can be classified as news that gives deferred reward.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Newspaper, apart from being the mirror of the world, is also a popular tool for the dissemination of information, ideas and opinions

However, illiteracy and ignorance are two major set backs to the growth and development of any society hence, it is believed that young female members of Nigeria society have negative response to newspaper readership pattern, like wise, the female students of UNEC (Enugu) A lot of people believed that this negative attitude of theirs would rigor them into not knowing what is happening around them and the world large.

And if that in the case, would this young females of UNEC, Enugu not end up being uninformed? Except they depend on their make counterparts for information?

This project is aimed at eradicating the negative response of the female students of UNEC over newspaper readership and to convert their contents areas of consideration to be vertical instead of being centralized in a particular content. Since knowledge is power, and nor acquired is a waste.

 

• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to identify define, explain and analyse newspaper readership pattern among female and male students of UNEC University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. The study well also find out among other things the content of newspaper preferred by women. Do they prefer immediate reward articles like human interest, fashion, cartoons, crime and Feminine fancies (entertainment) to long delayed reward articles like hard news politic, economy, foreign news and sports? The study will also give a detailed report of male newspaper readership pattern. Do they read newspaper every day? Do they spend longer time in reading newspaper than female?

The study will also take a look into the readership pattern among female attitude exhibited by female in newspaper reading. Do they neglect newspaper as result of unfavourable representatives of their interest in newspaper. The study will also establish if women prefer other social activities to reading newspaper and if they read newspapers at all?

The aim of the study is therefore to find out the cause of readership behavour of the female students of UNEC (if any) as opposed to high readership behaviour of male students in the same institution. In the study attempt will be made to find if the low readership behaviour among UNEC female students was as a result of time, preference for another information medium, circulation problem, cost. Lack of interest and I don’t like to read attitude.

 

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study would have embraced more higher Institutions in Nigeria. But because of time limitations and the cost of such a venture will be too much, then, limited the study to university of Nigeria Enugu Campus. Though, the population of Enugu Campus is 3719, I shall use 10% of this member to make the sample size a little bit were representative. So 10% of 3719, will be about 350. I could have used more number of students than this, but due to time other limitations I was unable to do so.

 

• RESEARCH QUESTION

1. Do male student read more newspaper than female students?
2. Do male students read more of information on national and international news than female students?
3. Do female students read more of entertainment materials than male students?

 

DENTIFICATION OF VARIABLES           

1. Sex
2. Readership
3. Newspaper content

The independent variable here is sex while the dependent variable are readership behaviour and newspaper contents.

Conceptual Definition

Sex:   Being Male or a Female

Readership: The quality of state of being reader, people that read certain      articles

Newspaper Content:

Different material (eg news etc) carried by newspapers

 

Operational Definition:

Sex:            The total number of makes and females in the study who read contents of newspaper.

News content:      The total number of different articles, news, editorials etc carried by newspaper.

 

1.6     HYPOTHESES

H₁:     Male students are more likely to be newspaper readers than female students.

H_o:     Female students are more likely to be newspaper readers then male study

H₂:     Male students are more likely to read information on national and international news than female students.

H_o:     Female students are more likely to read information on national news than male students.

H₃:     Female students are more likely to read entertainment materials than female students.

 

• SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

Since the main functions of a news medium like the newspaper is to inform, educate and entertain, this research will be of a great importance to the editors to adjust their newspapers content, way be planning to take care of these interests of young women so that they may start to read newspaper just like man and the “Spillover effect, may cause then to read other news. Young women no don’t constitute a substantial number of Nigeria readership public.

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