RADIO LISTENING HABITS OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING

(A CASAE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, ENUGU)

ABSTRACT

Radio is  one  of  the  media  instruments  in  communication. On the other  hand  communication is the  transfer  of  information  from  a  source  to  a destination. So, far  anything  to  be  called communication  it  must  efficiently  reach  to the source. Communication  is  not  complete  without   feedback. It is  on  this  background  that  I deem  it  necessary  to have a  look  at  the  listening   habit  of  students  in  higher  leaving  in particular students  of  institute  of  management  and technology  Enugu  as a case  study.

Hence , I am  trying  to throw  what  type  of programme  when  and  why  students  engage in radio  listening. Different  radio stations  exist  in the  world  today,  if any  station  fails  to  provide  its  listerners  with  what  they  want  or  need, they  will rather  turn  the  station off. What  I am  saying  is   that  a successful  media  house  should  have the  mass… in  and  before  planning  their  programmes. Anytime  its  counter  this,  the  audience  interest  will   wear away   as  the image  of the station  will  be   at  stake. That  is  why   due  to  the  heterogeneous  nature  of the  students  population  in  institute  of  management  and  technology  which  formed  my  case  study, I decided  to  use  random  sampling  method. This method  gave  every  student  an  equal  chance  of  being  selected. Fro  the research  carried  out,  students  tend  to  listen  more  of entertainment  programmes  than  other  programmes  like the  talks,  religions  commentaries  habits  are  also  limited  to  what  they  are  free  or  chanced  from  academic activities.

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction 1
• Statement of  research  problem                                   5
• Objectives of the  study                                                          7
• Significance of  study                                                    7
• Limitation of the study 8
• Delimitation of the  study                                             9
• Research questions                                                       9
• Research hypothesis 9

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature review                                                                    11
• Special features  of  radio                                             19
• Uses of  radio                                                               20
• Distance learning  system                                             21
• Radio and  development                                                         23

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHOLOLOGY

• Research methods                                                         27

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

• Result 38
• Discussion 39

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

• Summary                                                 41
• Conclusion 42
• Recommendations 44

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Nigerian society is a heterogeneous one with divergent communication need, coupled with the growing world of awareness. Different people have deferent perception of what roles communication, in its totality should play to the listing audiences if higher learning.

According to McBride Sean 91980) communication is considered in its broadcast sense, not only as the exchange of news and messages, but also a-individual and collective activity embracing all transmissions and sharing of ideas facts and data its main function in any asocial system any be identified as information socialization motivation, discussion, debate, education, cultural promotion, entertainment and integration

The mass media as an institution have been endowed to perform  all these immeasurable roles for the rest of the far have the mass media especially the radio which is not only the most important media in Nigeria, but also the most commonly spread affordable and accessible to perform this generic function expected of is. One of the intending features of the media of mass communication is the composition of their audience. The audience of radio is highly heterogeneous with members having socio- economic  stances  and  different  interests.

Based  on  different hinds  of  audience  it is  evident  that  preferences  of  medium as  well as  its  contents  will  differ   among  members  of  audience, while  same  need  a  particular  stations  or  programmes  for emotional  releases, while  others  may   proffer  serious  programmes  little  news  and  current  affairs, documentaries  commentaries and the  little , pending  on one’s  interest.

Discoing  the  mass  media   in  American  Bargas (1973) argue  that the  media  experiences  in part  time  or  activity  of  people  engage  in  at  certain  time  of  the day  where  they  have  nothing  of  overriding  importance to do  and  when  they  want  to  relax  from  boredom. The  audience  determines  he   success  or  failure  of  any  station  and  effectiveness   will be  looked  into  in this  study. A successful media should have the  mass in mind   before  planning  and  packaging  of their programme. Any  time  the  station  side  tracks  the  audience  interest  will wear   away  and  he  image  of the  station   will  be at  stake.

Therefore,,  for a  measure  of  freedom  and  enjoyment  media  houses  should  select  programme  as well as  particular  message. Berelson  and  jarowite  (1967) elaborated  on  this  when  they  wrote  that:

“Regular  viewers  of  news  programme  can  be  exposed  to everything  that  is  broadcast. The  decision  whether  or  not  to watvh  any  documentary  programme  is  novel  likely  to be  made  on  the  basic  of the  issues  than  on the  point  of view  present.”

The  views  of the  scholar  could be  used  to reflect  the universal  trend  the  type  of  programme  from the  stations  determines  the  presitivenss  of the  audience  towards  that  station. It is  on this  background  the  researcher  decided  to   study students  radio  listening  habits   of  students  in  higher  institutions  of   learning. At  times  there  exist  communication  gap  between  the  journalist  and  audience.  Most  user  of the media  see  journalist  as all  knowing  professional  and  the audience  relationship  is  not  cordial,  although  they  perform their  junctions. For  instance, while  a high  degree  of intimacy  and  confidentially  exist  between  a lawyer  and  his  clients  and  between  a  doctor  and  his  patients , the  journalist  cannot  claim  to  know  a great  deal  about  his  consumers. Many  people  all  over  the world  especially  those who  have  been  aware  of the  invariable  nature  of the mass  media  will  find  it  difficult  to  imagine  life  without  the  media.

According to  Opubor  A. E (1967)” Just  think  how  it  would  feel  to  wake  up  one  morning  tune  your  radio set and  receive  nothing  but  station  noise, you  look  outside  your  window  and  the  news venders are  not  on the  streets  and  at night you  time  your  television  set  again  all you  get  is static. No   picture , no should. If  such  happens  many  of  us  would  feel  that  the world  was  in cataclysm.

Nigerian would  not  cherish  such a  situation not  even  the  most  illiterate  person  would  welcome  such a deprivation. It  is therefore,  the  relialization  of the  indispensable  and  invaluable  role  which  the  mass media  play  in keeping  the  social  system  lively  that  have  motivated  researchers  to attempt  research  studies in different  area concerning  the  wages  and  appreciation   of the  mass  media. The  aim  of  this  study  is  certainly  not  to x-ray  the  importance  of  mass  media  in the  society , instead  it  will  attempt  to  find  out  the radio listening habits  having  in   mind  students  of  institute  of  management  and  technology, Enugu  as  a case  study   with  emphasis  on  the final  year  students  in  mass  communication  computer  sciences, secretarial  administration, mechanical  engineering, printing  technology  and  accountancy department.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

Radio  as we  know, play  a  prominent  role  in the  information  flow  process  in all  spectra  of  our  society. However,  some stations  fulfill  these  objectives  more  that  others. The  extent  to  which  radio  programme  are  listened to  depend  on the  station.  Students  pay  much  attention  to station  during  entertainment  programmes  despite  the information  and  education  they  offer  Klapper (1969), argues  the  tendency  of media  consumers  to  expose  themselves  in the  line   because   students  felt  the  FM  station  deals  more  an  entertainment  which  will  be  used  for  emotional  release,  relaxation  etc  Am  station  William Rivers  (1969 in  voice  of Am  form  lecture  confirmed  and highlighted  other  aspects  of  selection  process.  Female  students  on their  part  pay  greater  attention  to entertainment  programmes, than  news  and  current  affairs  and other  programmes.

Radio  programme produces  especially  a  competitive  situation  try  always  to  satisfy  their  audience  by good  programming  and  audience  has  the  tendency  to select the type  of  station  or  programme  to  listen  to. Because  of  the  heterogeneous  nature  of  the  media  audience  the radio   station  should  put in  their  best  to  make  sure  their  is  a  forum  where  its  audience  will air  their  views  on programme.

Presented, hence the  need  for  two  way  communication. The  success  or  failure  of any  station  and  their  effectiveness  lies  on its  audience.

 

1.3     OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This  study is  aimed  at  achieving  the  following  purposes. Measuring  the level  of students  attitude  and  interest  in the  total  content  of  radio programme. Individual  perspective  to  listerning  habit  of   students  to  radio programmes. This study  also  aim at  identifying  he  extent by  which  such  variable  as  sex, course  of  study  age, affect  audience  towards  radio  programme.

 

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF  STUDY

It is  important that  radio  station  at  times  take a  critical  look  outside  and  feel  the  yearning  of its  audience. This  study  is not  only  important to the  students  but also  will  serves  as  a green ;light  to the media  houses  lecturers  and  media  practitioners  on how  best  they  will   restructure  their  programmes   so as  to suit,  attract   more  audience   and  patronage  from  the  general  public  especially  students.

 

1.5     LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

In any  research  work,  there  are  some  set  backs  that  follows  it. Some  of  such  limitations  is the  factor  which is  on  essential  requirements  in any undertaken.

Another  is money  which  could  have  neared  the distribution  and  collection  of questionnaires.

The  researcher  was nearly  unable  to  combine  the  research  work  with  normal lecture  and  also  prepare  for  examinations. Lack  of  books  on  mass  communication and  well  – equipped  library constitute  a problem. The  researcher  could  not lay   hand  on  books  considering  the high  cost  of  books.

1.6     DELIMITATION OF THE  STUDY

As  the  topic  suggest, the  study  constitute  of  only  the  mass  communication students  of  institute  of  management  and  technology, Enugu , both regular  and part  time  students.

1.7     RESEARCH  QUESTIONS

To help  in carrying  out  this  investigation, the following  researcher  questions  were  posed

1. Does a students  course  of  study  influence  his  or  her  radio  listening  habit
2. Is there  a  relationship  between  age  and  radio  listening  habits  of  students  in higher  institutions.
3. Does gender  play  any  role  in the  choice   of what  one  listens  in  a total  contents  of radio  programme.
4. Does students  listen  to  radio  at  the  beginning  of the semester  than  any  other  time.

 

1.8     RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Hi      Student  of  mass  communication  tend  to  pay  greater  attention  to  radio  programme than  students  in  other  disciplines

Ho     Student  of  mass  communication  tend  not to   pay  greater  attention  to  radio  programme than  students  in  other  disciplines

 

H2     Young  students  tend  listen  more  to  entertainment  programme  than  old  students

Ho     Young  students  tend  listen  more  not to  entertainment  programme  than  old  students

 

H3     Female  students  tend  to  listen  more  to  entertainment programmes  than  their  male  counterpart.

Ho     Female  students  tend  not to  listen  more  to  entertainment programmes  than  their  male  counterpart.

H4     Student  tend  to  listen  more  to radio  when  the  academic  load  is  minimal  or  reduced.

Ho     Student  tend not  to  listen  more  to radio  when  the  academic  load  is  minimal  or  reduced.

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