ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN MOBILIZING FOR WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS (TEST CASE OF NTA CHANEL 8 ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
Women emancipation, women liberation and women empowerment, coupled with women agenda, are all as the result of the role media played in seeing to the inclusion and allowance of women to participate fully in politics which our men see solely as men’s affairs.
The social responsibility theory of the mass media as propounded by Siebert, Petersons and Schramn (1963) provided a functional model for the analysis of media role in political evaluation which women will be part of and maintenance of a genuine democracy.
In order to make sure that women does not participate in governance, the male counterpart reaped them of economic strength such that they will continue depending on men for financial support in whatever they are dig, but only if the man approve of it. Because the media critics temperately, making sure that women participates in politics and governance, in order to make sure that politics is not compromise in any form or manner, knowing that in this cause, human rights should be protected and defended, through the media which minors what the society should be or look like.
This work is an indebt study into the role of the media in mobilizing women for participation in politics. In this five chapter work, chapter one is an introduction to the work, chapter two reviews related literature o the study which I was able to lay my hands on, where d three is concerned with the research methodology while chapter four concern itself with data analysis and result. Chapter five gives summary of the entire work as well as recommendation for further studies.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the study 1
- Statement of research problems 6
- Objectives of the study 8
- Significance of the study 9
- Research questions 10
- Research hypothesis 11
- Definition of terms 12
- Assumptions 14
- Limitations of the study 16
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW 17
- Source of literature 17
- Introduction 17
- Theoretical framework 18
- Factors against women participations in politics as related concept that enhance the understanding of “
The role of media in mobilization women for
participations in politics” 20
- Summary of literature 27
CHAPTER THREE
- Research methodology 28
- Research design 28
- Research sample 30
- Measuring instrument 31
- Data collection 32
- Data analysis 33
- Expected results 33
CHAPTER FOUR
- Data analysis 35
- Discussion 46
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY /CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Summary 51
- Conclusion & recommendations 53
Bibliography 56
Questionnaires 59
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
in recent time women have been complaining of marginalization and denial of rights by successive administrations the world over and, Nigeria in particular.
The beginning federation came as a result of perceived marginalization and alienation of women throughout the world. The 19955 framework of action inter – alia states that; despite the wide spread movement towards democralization in most countries, women are largely under – represented at most levels of government and have made little progress in achieving the target endorsed by the economic and social council of having 30% of women in positions of decision – making level.
This declaration has come to be the globally acknowledged assessment of the status of women in the society and what must be done in the area of empowerment. This empowerment has come to be the major sign post signifying the struggle for and level of emancipation of women in the society through political mobilization and sensitization.
Therefore , political participation of women is an important litmus test of the quality of any democracy. Women play a significant reproductive role and regeneration of society without women, there will be no nation.
The importance of women in both the pre-colonial, colonial and post colonial Nigerian cannot be over – emphasized. Nigeria women had participate life of our society prior, during and after the advent of colonialism.
Role of the media in mobilization women for participation in politics already on and is giving grounds through multiple media approach towards mobilizing and sensitizing women for participation in Nigerians politics
Although the society and government of today are increasely and vaporously pursuing gender sensitive policies in the academic business and public services circles providing mass women education are still significant employment of women, there are area of women participation and empowerment.
Therefore, looking at the past history of Nigeria, one must surely observe the concerted efforts of media (NTA) had made to install and maintain a lasting but genuine democracy which will accommodate women participation.
In many countries of the world, the trend towards democraization of political regimes has been forced upon he powers that be, they must taken account of it and adopt to its demand and jave problems. Third world countries especially Nigeria, have not been left out of this global democratic evolution ( rising) coming-up and engulfing the entire world. Instance abound for references purpose where men in politics have been for their unprential refusal to embrace women participation in politics .
Before the pre- colonial dispensation, our women were referred to as mothers, the custodian of their husbands home and the maager of their various kitchens and a weaker sex whose sole function was to look after the house and give birth to as many children as the man wants and wishes.
Women of our pre-colonial era, were denied the opportunity and right to freedom of association and education from which they were supposed to be enlightened. Women never talked to or with men without being invited or allowed by the man whose wife she is.
As it this humiliation was not enough fathers then, prefer sending and training their male children to schools with the notion that the male child will continue his lineage, while the girl child should not be given any of such training since she will be married out by another man, so that his wealth and suffering in training the female child, does not go to another persons whom they say was going to reap the benefits of their efforts.
This notwithstanding, women group’s still existed such as the Iyalodes, Alages and Erelus in Yoruba alnd, the Umu Ikiporoani, the Umuada, Inyamedi in Igbo land,the Iyaabo in Benin , Owen Amina in Zaria and her amazon generals who though were caped by custom and traditions of the early years, fought earnestly to raise heir heads in government of both rural and regional then.
This struggle of being part of the political state holders incited women towards the actualizing of the Aba women riot of 1929, which was intended by women to use and tell the government of those days how hey felt in their governance.
Though the beginning conference of 1985, gave a road map of 30% of women inclusion in the economic, social and political framework of countries and the world over, especially he third world countries which Nigeria is one of them.
Since then, the media has been playing vital roles towards achieving women participation in politics , which is done through mobilizing women to achieving this course, women participation in politics.
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
The position of the media in the society makes its existence useful and guarantees the survival of the society anytime.
The research problem which I want to find out, is how the political participation. This research topics is deemed a problem because it is arguable in various quarters ( ways) that the media roles in the farm of media programmes, helps in no small measures o sensitive and mobilize women , specially those in our rural areas to embark and support in their fellows who wishes to participate in politics and governance.
Also, in this research, problems that leads to its regards to communications, is the important aspect of the challenges as it has to do with sustaining Nigerian democracy by assisting the democratic government in promoting the proper women participation in politics and governance. In addition, this challenges constraints and problems in the media ole in mobilizing women for participation in politics, reduces high level of illiteracy, and how level of education among greater proportion of the women. Infact, this militates against the effort of the media in this course.
Mobilizing through the media, no doubt is not a new trend in the practices of journalism towards political participation. In recent tikes, debates discussions about women participation in politics are bound while some people welcome it as a healthy development in order to keep government in check as the custodian of power on behalf of the people, other share different view, in that women participation in politics jeopardize the sanity in the carrier and, rumour and personal whims and caprices are being published and carried about due to the fact that those traitors of democracy who always want their selfish interest are always concerned.
Today, the Nigerian women is eager to know all that is happening in the political terrain of the society especially now that Nigeria is stabilizing her democracy.
Media role must be to evaluate and defeact the man who is trying to conceal and deny or debar women from political participation or give a shabby sensitization and mobilization of women.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
With the poor representation of women in politics and governance, groups of women have been meeting., consulting and discussing the issues of political participations. The post – Beiying women’s participation in democracy and governance.
Despites all these efforts in mobilizing sensitizing and urging women, they still remained under – represented in the politics and governance of the nation.
Low interest , low participation and poor success were noticed. This has prompted my interest into trying to find out,
– Why there is such a situation and how NTA Enugu as a communication medium, has been able to ameliorate these problems
– The issues that hinder women from effective participation in politics
– IF our women responds to media ( NTA) programmes towards mobilizing and sensitizing them to participation in politics,
– If NTA (channel 8 Enugu programmes have done anything positive towards women participation in governance and politics in Nigeria and in Enugu State in particular.
1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
It expected that at the end of this study , to update knowledge within the framework of the study. In particular, it will assess people’s views on the usefulness of media programmes on the mobilizing of women in political participations.
This study will be of benefit to radio and television programmes in their packaging of news reports and events, and to academics in their practices and training of journalists.
Also, this study will take some critical analyses of existing knowledge ( if there is any) in relation to advising practitioners on how to effectively make use of television medium as a means of development in mobilizing and sensitizing women for political participation.
It ( the study ) will make a policy statement a s well as research, with a view to making the television more of mobilization and sensitization medium.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In my research study, an attempt will be sufficiently made to answer the following questions.
- Where there such a situation in the pre-colonial era?
- What are the sociological factors behinds this situation?
- Do NTA channel 8 Enugu’s programmes mobilize women enogh towards political participations?
- Have our government adapted women in the system?
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The following research hypothesis derived logically from the problems posed in the research questions.
This is necessary in order to give direction, focus as litmus test of the statement of claims or propositions contained therein.
Hi: There were such situation in the pre-colonial era.
Ho: There were no such situation in the pre-colonial era.
H2: Some sociological types of variables are behinds their situation.
Ho: No sociological types of variables are behinds their situation.
H3: NTA programmes mobilize women enough to participate in politics.
Ho: NTA programmes do not mobilize women enough to participate in politics.
H4: Our government have began to adopt women in the political system
Ho: Our government have not began to adopt women in the political system
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Here in my research study, certain key words will be explained into conceptual and operational definitions.
ROLE
CONCEPTUAL MEANING
It concerns itself with duties, part which people choose to play in a drama or position
OPERATIONAL MEANING
Functions , expectations associated on a given post or position.
MEDIA
CONCEPTUAL MEANING
Channel through which information flows
OPERATIONAL MEANING
It includes television, radio, newspaper, magazines and internet which are means of communicating to a large number of people
MOBILIZING
CONCEPTUAL MEANING
To make people ready to pursue a particular causes.
OPERATIONAL MEANING
It has to do with organizing or preparing people for a particular purpose.
PARTICIPATION
CONCEPTUAL MEANING
Involving oneself on a particular causes
OPERATIONAL MEANING
Taking active part in that particular activity
POLITICS
CONCEPTUAL MEANING
It is a game played for power.
OPERATIONAL MEANING
A competition between political parties towards who or which party assumes political leadership
1.8 ASSUMPTIONS
In my study, it is obviously seen that the media will always be at its peak in mobilizing women for political participation through its news programmes, workshops through which these women are enlightened, educated and sensitized more one political participation.
This will certainly correct the gender in balance in politics and promote women participation in politics and governance.
The media (NTA) has contributed greatly to the political reforms in our country through her numerous programmes on politics and women participation, ranging from her news programmes, to periscope Nigerians Women Today, Grassroots and entertainment programmes such as paradise park, which is geared towards institutionalizing women participation in Nigerian politics, thereby making Nigerian women in the world such as in India, Britain and America who stood their ground in political participation up till date.
1.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
When this project topics was about to be formulated and approved, I thought it was going to be a smooth and stress free exercise.
On its cause, so many limitations ranging from not knowing where to start, not knowing who to consult or approach for materials not knowing what next to write in various segment of this study and not actually knowing who to put me through is achieving my work.
Secondly, as we know, our nations economy is very bad that finance became a serious problems to my research study due to lack of fund to get to some place people and to one things done since it has become a one man affairs.
Again, despite the fact that I have a project guide, it was not easy for me to arrange my work.
Finally, back pains, dizziness and disappointments cam e my way as well, and my respondents inability to return questionnaires that was given to them.
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