CONSTRUCTION OF AN ELECTRONIC BELL INDICATOR

ABSTRACT

          The Electronic Bell Indicator system is the out come of research work geared towards providing solution to communication difficulty especially in hotels, guest houses and hospitals.

This project work is a four room model connected on a circuit board. It has red indicator light on the body of the circuit casing which indicates power on. It also has an already made tremble bell.

A control switch on the body of the casing acts as a control.

The bulb and the press button and also the bell are all mounted on the circuit board. The electronic bell indicator system functions well and produces good sound.

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                ii

Approval Page                                                                        iii

Dedication                                                                               iv

Acknowledgement                                                                             v

Abstract                                                                                  vi

Table of Contents                                                                    vii

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                                      1

• Aims and Objectives                              2
• Statement Of Problem 3
• Justification Of The Study 4
• Limitation Of The Study 5

CHAPTER TWO        

Literature Review                                                                    6

2.1       Operational stages of the electronic bell indicator                   7

2.2     Power supply                                                                16

 

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology                                                                           17

3.1   Components                                                            17

3.2   Description of the electronic bell indicator                      18

3.3   Operational Technique                                            18

3.4   The Construction                                                     19

CHAPTER FOUR

Trouble Shooting in the Electronic Bell Indicator                             21

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion and recommendation                                            23

5.1     Recommendation                                                           23

5.2   Conclusion                                                              23

References                                                                      25

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

The problem of lack of efficient means of communication traced from the punitive age, when drums and gongs were the means of sending sound signals had appear to defar solutions. Yet, it has been under continuous modification and improvement.

Whistle, flute, trumpet and some other sound instruments succeeded the era of ordinary drum. They were then seen as better instrument for communication between two persons or groups of people. All these geared towards finding a better and more convenient means of sending sound signals, manually operated mechanical bell signal stroke bell, continuous ring bell, tremble bell and later, electronic bell indicator was sequentially invented as a result of technological improvement.

However, the electronic bell indicator is an electronic device used as a mean of communication in large organizations such as big hotels, guest houses, hospitals etc.

The communication process is between the guest and the receptionist. For instance, if a guest in room one needs the attention of the receptionist, he will press the button or switch in his room and immediately the bell will ring to alert the receptionist, and the bulb will light in the receptionist’s office to indicate the particular room his/her attention is needed.

 

1.1     AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

          We carried out this research project improve the weaknesses described in the system above. The project is all about the design, construction and operation of an electronic bell indicator system. It was triggered by the need to have a new system as a better answer to communication problem being faced by guest in big hotels and guest houses. Therefore, we have compact the bulky system which has been in use in big hotels to a smaller model there by making it possible and easy to get for use in smaller complexes.

When the bigger circuit of an electronic bell indicator system is in place, a guest who probably stays at the fourth floor of a hotel needs the attention of the receptionist, all he requires to do is to press the bell push or switch in his room the receptionist at his desk on the ground floor will know that his

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A
COMPUTERIZED HOTEL BUSINESS BILLING SYSTEM.
(A CASE STUDY OF MODOTEL HOTEL LIMITED ENUGU)

ABSTRACT
This work is carried out to identify and discuss the need for a computer system in hotel business billing system.
A hotel business is a hospitality industry which caters for both leisure and well being of its guest. The duties of hotels are to offer accommodation to their guest and to render services to them. These services are usually personal.
The focus on this topic is to introduce computer in the allocation of rooms and billing system of a hotel. The result of this project is aimed at eliminating the tedious work which is associated with the making reservations and keeping account in hotel. It will also save storage system for guest who have stayed in the hotel before.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Background of the study
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Purpose of study
1.4 Objective of study
1.5 Scope of the problem
1.6 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.o LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
3.1 Description analysis of the existing system
3.2 Method of data collect
3.2.1 Interview method
3.2.2 References to written text
3.4 Process analysis
3.5 Out analysis
3.6 Problem of the existing system
3.7 Justification for the new system.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Program design
5.2 Program flowchart
5.3 Pseudo code
5.4 Source listing
5.5 Test Run

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Hotel is defined by British law as a place where a binafide traveller can receive food and shelter, provided he is in a position to pay and is in a fit condition to be received. Hence, a hotel provides food and beverages, and lodging to travellers on payment. In turn, it has the right to refuse a traveller is drunk, disorderly, unkempt or is not in a position to pay for the services.

The hotel industry is perhaps, one of the oldest commercial endeavours in the world. The first inns date back to the sixth century be and were the products of the urge to travel, spurred by the invention of the wheel.
The earliest hotels were managed by husband and wife teams, who provided large halls for travellers to make their own bed and sleep on the floor. The entire cooking service and recreation were provided by the husband and wife team and his family.
It was in Europe that the birth of well managed hotel industry took place on the shape of chalets and small hotels which provided variety of services. They were mainly patronized by the aristocracy of the day.
The real growth of the modern hotel industry took place in the United State of America in 1794. the real boom in hotel building came in the early twentieth century. This period also saw the beginning of chain operation under the guidance of E.M stalker. It involved big investments, big profit and trained professional to manage the business.
The management business billing of a hotel system was virtually left in the hands of the front officers. The front office in a hotels is the department responsible for the scale of hotel rooms through systematic method of reservation, followed by registration and assigning of rooms to customers, it was usually done manually. This was boring and cumbersome in hotels that still operate manually today. This development in hotel business billing system continued gradually until recently when computer was invented as an electronic method of processing data, computer can be defined as an electronic device that accept input, manipulated data and produces information which is the output, as required. Computerization of hotel business billing system: a focus on the lodging system of a hotel, therefore, the application of computer in the lodging system of a hotel. A hotel which operated a computerized system will ensure that the program carries provision for different tariffs, locations and individual guest preferences. Details of each room are stored within the memory and as a guest registers the guest list is immediately updated while that particular room is removed from the list of those which are available for letting. Because the system is so accurate, there is little chance of two people being given same room.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The lodging system of Mooted Hotels Limited Enugu started when this hotel was established in 1986. at its inception, Mooted Hotels Limited inherited three modern hotels. There were ninety three chalets at the time of its establishment. These hotels were located at Enugu, IMO, Anambra. However they have since been improved upon with additional chalets, better management and better services.
The management of Muddle Hotels Limited insists that standard obtainable in its hotels of all types compare favourably with the standards elsewhere. Each chalets is provided with a room stewards, hot and cold water tub, wall-
To-wall carpet, air conditioner, television, refrigerator and inter-com. The Cable News Network (CNN) is received in the hotels through its satellite dish. The body managing the hotel now at the apex of the management include-
1.The general manager
2.The company accountant
3.The company secretary
4.The operational managers
5.The public relations officer
6.The house keeper
7.The food and beverages manager
8.The number of staff are eighty
These are both junior and senior cadres.
1.Administration
2.Accounts
3.Restraurant
4.Bar
5.Kitchen
6.Laundry.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
The introduction of computer in the hotel is to reduce problem encountered on arrival and event at check out time by guest’s customers and visitors to the hotel and by the reception staff on their efforts to manually attend to each guest’s requests going through the reception routine in the front office by the guest is normally frustrating and time wasting. As guest can be kept on his feet for several minutes waiting to be attended to .the billing procedures in the cashier section are similar to

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM
(A CASE STUDY OF POST-PRIMARY SCHOOL MANAGEMENT BOARD (PPSMB)

ABSTRACT
The manual approach used in the regulation of the school activities by the management board is very tedious and stressful. This research work investigated into the complications encountered due to the debilitation of man-power admitted into the school management with respect to how indepth it affects other operational system that conduct in school with a view of designing a computerized system to handle the work with less difficulty for an effective decision-making.
In the course of the study, an existing system was digested and its deficiencies were detected and emphatically analysed, after which solutions to the problems were proffered in the new designed computerized system that is reliable and more interactive. The new system terminates all the problems experienced with the existing system. The case study is Post-Primary School Management Board (PPSMB) Enugu.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Aims/objective of the project
1.2.1 Statement/Purpose
1.3 Justification of the project
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Methodology

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Overview of the existing system
3.1 Description and analysis of the existing system
3.2 Method of data collection
3.2.1 Interview Method
3.2.2 Reference to written text
3.3 Input analysis
3.4 Process analysis
3.5 Output analysis
3.6 Problems of the existing system
3.7 Justification for the new system

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Design of the new system
4.1 Output specification and design
4.2 Input specification and design
4.3 File design
4.4 Procedure chart
4.5 System flowchart
4.6 System requirements

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Implementation
5.1 Program design
5.2 Program flowchart
5.3 Pseudo code
5.4 Source listing
5.5 Test run

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Documentation

CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 Recommendation and conclusion
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education is an indispensable system on which the life of everyone is built and as well stimulates the entire life application. It could be referred to as a process designed for the acquisition and dissemination of skills and knowledge to the posterity of the nation. The identified system tends to be implemented in diverse dimensions basically in schools.
For the past ten years, it has been discovered that schools are not what they were as attributed to the wide ranging changes which have occurred and brought new pressure associated with increased size. On the account of this, an increasing complexity of organization has been instigated so that stresses and anxieties of choice have been added to those of dimension.
The competent educational administration constitute the intensity of education and its impediments mount a disturbing diffusion and obscuring of purpose and all these changes concede with a major recruiting of curriculum and methodology. In most cases, the manual method adopted in monitoring some school activities undermine other roles like enrolment of students, computation of student’s result, examination supervision and making of examination scripts.

With regard to the discrepancies created by the manual techniques of school administration, the school management board should devise a competitive means of achieving their set objective in a computerized educational administrative information system.

1.2 AIMS/OBJECTIVES
The basic aim of the study is to provide a lasting solution to the problems emanated from the manual means of school management.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED EROSION CONTROL INFORMATION SYSTEM
CASE STUDY OF MINISTRY OF WORKS ENUGU)

ABSTRACT

Soil Erosion is an endemic problem in different part of the world especially places where there is marks of seasonal rainfall. This overland flow resulting from rain splash erosion and through flow of surface, flow appear to be too extremes of a continuous sequence and is a possible condition for gully development. In order to prevent this gully development a body must or has been established to study and check the erosion development in so many areas. As this project tends to focus on the erosion control system in Enugu using ministry of works as our case study. Our limit does not extend more than Enugu, Ministry of works in the body responsible for the control of erosion in Enugu state.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Objective of the study
1.6 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Overview of the existing system
3.1 Description and analysis of the existing system
3.2 Method of data collection
3.2.1 Interview method
3.2.2 Reference to written text
3.3 Input analysis
3.4 Process analysis
3.5 Output analysis
3.6 Problem of the existing system
3.7 Justification of the new system

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Design of the new system
4.1 Output specification
4.2 Input specification
4.3 File design
4.4 Procedure chart
4.5 System flow chart
4.6 System requirement

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Implementation
5.1 Program design
5.2 Program flow chart
5.3 Pseudo code
5.4 Source listing
5.5 Test run

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 DOCUMENTATION
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 Recommendation and conclusion
7.1 References
7.2 Appendix
CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This project is specifically on erosion control information system
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The soil particles must be detects from the parent soil mass, Agriculture which occupy over two third of the eastern region area and land mass is seriously threatened by accelerates soil erosion which is systematically reducing the land area available for agriculture. Causes, effects and control measures are always way been the confusing part of resolving the erosion problem in the eastern region. Erosion is of different forms the common one along our roads includes, “Gully erosion”
Gully erosion occurs in areas of strong relief or loose sandy soils. It creates deep gorges or gullies which dissect the land surface and hind movement and the cultivation of land. It is an advanced stage of rill erosion where surface channels has been eroded to the point where they cannot be smoothed over by normal tillage operations. Gully erosion is simply defined as the run off concentration in channels greater than rills large channels.
Often, gullies can be prevented if good land conservation measures are practiced on the farm.
The U.S department of Agriculture’s Hand book #667 (AGHBK 667) in the past used “design method for Grass – lined open channel” ECMDS. The channel protection module utilizes calculations from federal highway Administration’s Hydrallic Engineering circular #15 (HEC 15) Tractive force procedure”. The ECMDS which stands for Erosion control material design software, provided computer – assisted selection of material for slop erosion protection and channel source resistance. Without this checks on these types of erosion or a computer-assisted selection material for channel source resistance. The result of the occurrence and expansion of gullies in our roads has posed the following consequences.
(1) The damage of cultivated lands: Mainly farmers relying on proceed from sale of farm products can not achieve and produce agricultural products from damaged lands and the damages the gully is causing on our roads can not be over emphasized. It is in this quest for preventions and erosion control system, that the term “A computerized erosion information stem” become paramount. The system utilizers design procedures from the erosion control Technology council to correct failure. Criteria bases on lining degradation and soil loss.
(2) Accounts for differing vegetation growth habits and densities.
(3) Accounts for differing soil ero dibility factors.
(4) Build a web-base erosion control information system

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The existing system in the ministry of works has been proven to be the major hindrance to effective erosion control. From a business and management perspective, information system are far more than just import-process-output machines operating in a vaccum. The problem of the existing system as observed was lack of computerized processing, in the area of keeping record. Record keeping in the ministry is based on manual systems. It was quite alarming that at this very stage of it revolution I couldn’t observe any computer system readily available to support their services. The knowledge

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED FARM MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
( A CASE STUDY OF A PIGGRY FARM)

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ABSTRACT

In this study the researcher aimed at computerizing piggery farm management information system. A piggery farm is a kind of farm management where pigs are been reared and care for, for the purpose of production to do this the researcher under want a thorough interview where she was able to discover some problems associated with the existing system of management information system which is manual system. This problems have been hindering the growth of the management till date and that is what called for this research work.
The attempt of other researchers, authors are reviewed to know their opinions patterning this problems / topic.
Oral interview were used to connect the datas needed for this research work, and to researcher also added some of observation made during the collection of datas.
In the chapter three, the researcher described and analysis the existing system in order to tackle the problems in the existing system.
Chapter 4 and 5, the new system were designed and implemented to replace the old / existing system which is manual system.
Finally, the researcher summarized the findings from the data gotten. And resolved into making some reasonable recommendations before concluding the work at last.
TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Objective of the study
1.2.1 Statement of problem
1.3 Significant of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Methodology
1.6 Definition of terms
1.7 Project thesis
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Overview of the existing system
3.1 Description and analysis of the existing system
3.2 Method of data collection
3.2.1 Interview method
3.2.2 Observation method
3.3 Input analysis
3.4 Process analysis
3.5 Output analysis
3.6 Problem of the existing system
3.7 Justification of the new system

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Design of the new system
4.1 Output specification and design
4.2 Input specification and design
4.3 File design
4.4 Procedure chart
4.5 System chart
4.6 System requirement

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Implementation
5.1 Program design
5.2 Program flow chart
5.3 Pseudocode
5.4 Source listing
5.5 Test run

CHAPTER SIX
DOCUMENTATION

CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 RECOMMENDATION & CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Diggery farm is a part of animal section in NIGERIA PRISON AGRICULTURE PROJECT, STATE COMMAND ENUGU (NPAPSE) Agriculture itself is a science of farming. It can be practice for either animal production or crop production purposes. This study is based on farm management information system” a case study of a piggry farm. Piggry farm is an example of animal farm which is practiced for the purpose of animal production. Before a piggry farm could stand, there must be a boar at least, sow / sows, pockers and piglet of different stages.
Once more the direction intention of this project is to computerize farm management information system have been operated manually. Mis in this orgnization was essentially operated with a great deal of human efforts, and infact the activities of the organization in this system is less challenging, less complex and hence organizations do this extents small sized. Management information systems remain the system that aim at providing information for the management on a regular basis. This call to mind the time value of information which implies that when the required information is received behind the period it will be used, the information become useless. Mis dries to inform the manager how to provide the information.
Management always aim at reading the climax in the decision performance fort attainment of organizational objective but this existing system could not attract such performance due to the lack of effective information tool which can provide the management with quality and needed information and at needed time. This system always result to information over local which actually decreases the decision performance in any management. Information they say is power. Quality information is very vital do check in organization. The only information tha can accelerate the management decision performance is the information that process the good quality of information. Such qualities of information comprises:
(1) Relevance
(2) Accuracy
(3) Completeness
(4) Reliability
(5) Timeliness
Despite these qualities management cannot achieve their objectives. The decision performance also depend on the manager himself. The manager must be able to identify problem, define the problem, analyse it and suggest a possible solution to the problem. And for manager to do these, he must be backup with informations required.
Due to the show mentioned faults and errors associated with the existing system of management information an alternative system is suggested which is a computerized system.
The technology have created an interesting opportunities for all managers and as the technology is growing the researcher demand it necessary to let the blowing wind reach the farm managers (piggry farm managers) in their management information system. A software is developed to replace this manual operation of Mis. This form of software is an expert system.
Computerized farm management information system is a software package that contains a lot of files and records the file that was designed in detail is a sales file which each of it record consist of files like varieties of pigs, quantity, price, weight, subtotal, total amount grand total etc.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nigeria Prison Agriculture Project, State Command (NPAPSCE) stated its operation in Nigeria Prison State Command Enugu between 1980-1981 under the management of MRS MARIA EBUCHE. NPAPSCE started it operation with about three kinds of animals sections, poultry department and crop department. As Nigeria Prison State Command seems to be a world of its owner, the manager (DSP) did not relent at all instead he worked indefatigably expand and introduce other animals to the animal department
Around 1990, there came the expansion of the organization / management. That was when the idea of introducing piggry farm section was accepted in anticipation of the management goals achievement. This led to the origin of piggry farm in this management. The piggry farm they said has provide worthwhile, it has contributed a lot to the labor market and to the management itself. The piggry farm are divided into subsection headedby DSP (manager). The sections are.
(1) Boar Section (2) Sow Section (3) Pocket Section
(4) Piglet Sections.
The management is also divided into management sections. Thus.
(1) Stock keeping (2) Feeding (3) Maintenance
(4) Health care, (5) finance, (6) Accounting (7) Marketing and Sales
Piggry Sales management is discussed in detail here.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY.
The objective that led to this research work is basically to expose the Nigeria farmers in general and especially NPADSCE farmer manager with the effective, efficient, accurate and timely form of management information