THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN CRISIS RESOLUTION (A CASE STUDY OF IJAW/ITSEKIRI CRISI)

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

• HEADQUARTERS RELOCATION AND POLITICAL ISSUES
• THE TITLE OF OLUSHIP
• ECONOMIC SABOTAGE
• ITESKIRI CLAIMS
• IJAWS/URHOBO CLAIMS

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• ASSUMPTIONS
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

• REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE

• RESEARCH METHOD

3.1    RESEARCH DESIGN

• RESEARCH SAMPLING
• MEASURING INSTRUMENT
• DATA GATHERING
• DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR

• DATA ANALYSIS

4.1    RESULT

• DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY

5.1    RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT

In this study, I tried to examine the mass media as regards to whether they have played a role in the resolution of the Ijaw and Itsekiri Crisis, which started as far back as 1997 up till date. Hence this research work is carried out to determine to what extent the mass media could go in crisis resolution.

The first chapter contains the introduction, chapter two focuses on literature review, while chapter three is the research methods and research samples in data gathering. Chapter is a comprehension analysis and data interpretations on the role played by mass media as a medium of crisis resolution in Ijaw and Itsekiri. Chapter five summarises the entire work with some recommendations to it..

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

The disagreement between the Ijaw and Itsekiri of Warri metropolis started as far back as July 1997, and lasted through May 29, 1999, and since then has brought about an intercommunal and political tussles. The Ijaws complained that the oil companies operating in the area could not embark on any development programme in that area. Instead the oil companies decided to help the then Oku of Warri, thereby leaving the community in a devastating and helpless state.

These atrocious acts, which began in 1997 and lasted through May 1999 have recently been resumed. To date, over 3,000 people including women and children, have been killed, their bodies desecrated. Additionally, 30 villages and towns have been destroyed and burnt with tens of thousands of Itsekiri rendered homeless. As the case between 1997 and 1999, both the federal government of Nigeria and then Government of Delta State have not acted to restore law and order, allowing the massacre and slaughter to continue unabated.

We have to take a look at some issues that brought about this community feud.

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IMPACT OF COLOUR REPRESENTATION IN NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING (A CASE STUDY OF VANGUARD ADVERTISEMENT)

ABSTRACT

IMPACT OF COLOUR REPRESENTATION IN NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING

Colour is the visual impression registered by the rating of the eye when struck by light. There are seven colours in the band, these are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Light is therefore the source of all colours. “when we see a red rose, we see it only because light reflects from it into our eyes, making the rose and its colour discernible colour then, is a property of the light waves reaching our eyes not of the object seen.

There are principally six colours made up of three primary colours blues, red, and yellow and three secondary colours orange, green and violet. This not withstanding, physics however, classify all colours of the light band which includes indigo as primary colours of light.

The secondary colours are so called because they are hybrid of the primary colours for instance orange is obtained by mixing yellow and red, green by mixing yellow and blue and violet (purple by mixing red and blue.

According to McCann Erickson, Inc, the advertising agency that develops coca-cola nationals campaigns said that advertising is “truth well told”. This philosophy is echoed by coke’s management . Today, we all have strong concepts of what adverting is and we also tend to have very strong opinions and prejudices about it. Definitions of advertising are many and varied. It may be defined as “communication process, a marketing process, an economic and social process, a public relations process, or an information and persuasion process” depending on the point of view. Advertising is also the non-personal communication of information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature, about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through various media.

There is a trend in advertising these days in which various colours are in now being used in newspaper, magazine and television advertisements. Research has shown that advertisements presenting in colours are attractive and infact whips appatice. To be specific, the vanguard newspaper has been the major promoter of this trend and it is now generally believed by marketers that the impact of colour in advertising has positive effect on the quantum of products presented to the public of colours.

This study is however aimed at establishing if there is such correlation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

• Background of study
• Objectives of study
• Significant of the study
• Research question
• Research hypothesis
• Conceptual and operational definition
• Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of literature

2.1     Summary of literature review

2.2     Sources of literature

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Methodologies

•        Research method
• Research sample
•        Research design
• Measuring instrument
• Pre test
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Expected results

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

• Data analysis
• Results
• Discussion of findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• Summary
• Recommendation for further study

References

Bibliography

Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

In this scientific era of mass production, mass communication and mass consumption, advertising serve as an important factor between someone who has something to sell and someone who needs something. It is therefore been defined as “the means by which we make known what we have to sell or what we want to buy”.

It has also been defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas goods or services by an identifiable sponsor with predominant use, made of mass communication.

Furthermore, the association of advertising as “any paid form of non-personal communication intended to promote or create awareness for individual products or service by an identifiable sponsor”.

Advertising is often characterized as a means of selling to the masses, this is because “advertisement can change buying habits and it’s entertaining features are always interesting to match.”

But as Daniel S. Warner professor Emeritus, school of communication, university of Washington puts it in his book (1980, 41) “Adverts cannot change buying habit in deplorable situation”. He says that the greatest advert in the whole world cannot soil a product nor convince consumers to buy products which they feel costs too much, poorly package or in some other ways, do not live up to the expectation.

This leads to the popular misconception that advertising is directed at everyone. But obviously, people do not have the same scale of values and are not interested in the same things. Therefore, no product is consumed by any one at the same rate and no advertisement is equally appealing to anyone.

Some products universal appeal more than others and some advertisers have made markets than others, but each advertisement succeeds who can be reached on a common meeting ground. Also, to effectively convey advert sales message to this group, advertisers are free to choose from any of the advertising media-electronic or point to intensifying advert reach.

Traditionally, Nigerian display their goods such as yam tubers in excellent rows allowing sufficient quantity of the soil or mud to beautify that tuber. The mud is excellent potential sales point as it serves to address the tubers source areas in important way of portraying the tests. Adding to that in our local retail outlets, sellers consciously engage in attractive display of products or goods arrangements to serve as attention gather and help establish identity.

Colour has therefore been playing a unique role in advertising. Colour is not only a thing of beauty to individuals, it is naturally striking and compelling to uses generally or individually.

In as much as this topic deals with the impact of colour representation in Newspaper advertising on consumers as it concern the Daily sun newspaper, it cannot be a misnormal to state that advertising is focused in the face of conflicting completion of text. Photograph and interplay reader. There is there no need for colour reprsentation to aid quick recognition and readership which consciously design advert in colour to influence people’s buying behaviour change and that there would be greater impact on the readers.

The purpose of the study is to find out how colour of a product advertised in newspaper can affect our buying decision and habit, quite several studies have tried finding out the influence advertisement have on consumers but not specifically that by newspaper colour.

Why is it that people buy one good and ignore others? Has this any relevance to colour representation? These undoubtedly are going to form the basis for this study.

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A SURVEY OF THE VIEWERSHIP OF TELEVISION PRGRAMMES IN ENUGU STATE (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU URBAN)

ABSTRACT

This research work was carried out in order to find out what the populace of Enugu Urban thinks or feel about television programmes in Enugu state. The research also attempted to look into other people’s work related to the research topic.

In doing this; the work is systematically ranged in fine chapters. Chapter one deals with the introduction, which contains background of the study, problem statement, objective of the study, significance of the study, research question, research hypothesis definition of terms and limitation of study.

Chapter two deals with the literature review. Chapter three deals with the research methodology in which survey method was used.

Chapter four deals with data analysis and results.

Chapter five deals with findings, conclusion and recommendation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Dedication

Preface & Acknowledgement

Abstract

List of tables’

Approval page

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                     

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Significance of study
• Research Questions
• Research Hypothesis
• Limitation of study
• Definition of terms
• References

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

• Literature review

2.2     Summary of literature

2.3     References for literature review

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

• Research method
• Research design
• Research sample
• Data collection
• Method for Data analysis
• Measuring instrument

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

• Data analysis
• Results

CHAPTER FIVE: FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• Findings
• Conclusions
• Recommendations

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Television broadcasting was first introduced in 1930s as an “expected occurrence. Since then, television has been growing as a medium of mass communication.

In 1959, Nigeria first television was established at Ibadan on the account of denial of access to Chief Obafemi Awolowo and his party to defend his party from the accusation of the federal government through National Broadcasting Commission NBC).

Television as a medium of mass communication is composed of highly heterogeneous audience / viewers with distinctive features, different socio-economic strata and different interests.

Based on the heterogeneity of audience, it is obvious that preference of medium as well as the content of the mass will differ among members of mass media audience. While some use a particular station or programmed, others depend on the other. Some may want to watch entertainment programmers like News, current Affairs, Commentaries or documentaries depending on their likes.

One of the obvious ways in which an audience is active is through the use of selective exposure. It is the tendency of accepting to expose you to communication that goes with your own value system, attitudes and viewpoints. The concept of self-selective exposure helps the watches, what he listens to and read; selevctive watching, selective attention and selective reading and listening are the functions of selective exposure.

You can buy the newspaper of your choice, you can go to mollies you like, you can choose from many television programmers and radio, and if you find yourself watching something you do not like, you can tune to another channel.

Different views have been presented in an attempt to determine why people watch a programmed. This can be identified with the following, selective exposure which include selective perception, selective retention and selective interpretation and the escapism.

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