THE BOKO HARAM CHALLENGE AND SECURITYMANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

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ABSTRACT

The Boko Haram insurgency poses a serious challenges to the management of security in Nigeria. This has become more worrisome as a result of   the fact that its activities threatens the integrity and  unity of the  Nigerian state. Curbing the menace of the sects has become a major sources of concern for government and citizens, scholars and  security experts. This has ignited this research, which aim to critically study the  group with a  view to  recommending  possible solutions to tackle it.

 

TABLE OF COTENTS

Cover page        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –   i

Title Page  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –   ii

Certification      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –   iii

Dedication         –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  iv

Acknowledgement     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –   v

Abstract    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  vii

Table of Content        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  viii

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction

Background to the Study   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  1

Statement of the Problem  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  4

Objectives of the study      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  7

Research Questions  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 8

Significance of study –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 9

 

Scope of the study     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 9

Limitations of the study     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 10

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Literature Review      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  11

The Origin of Boko Haram and the Boko Haram crisis –       –  15

The Ideology Behind Boko Haram       –       –       –       –       –       –  18

Boko Haram and Nigeria’s Security Management        –       –       –  21

Theoretical Framework of Analysis     –       –       –       –       –       –  25

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLGY

Introduction      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 28

Research Design        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 28

Source of Data  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 28

Population of Study   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 29

Sample Size      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 30

Sampling Technique  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 30

Instrument of Data collection    –       –       –       –       –       –       – 30

Validity and Reliability of Instrument –       –       –       –       – 31

Statistical Technique of Data Analysis        –       –       –       –       – 32

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

Presentation and Analysis of Data      –       –       –       –       –       -33

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION, RESEARCH FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 47

Research Findings     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 48

Recommendations     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 50

Bibliography      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 52

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is a common knowledge that Nigeria since her return to civil rule in 1999 faces some national security challenges across the six geo-political zones in the country. The spate of bomb blasts, kidnapping, pipeline vandalism and other forms of criminalities in recent times in various parts of the country are emerging trends of domestic terrorism. In fact, the high rate of kidnappings, armed robbery and political assassinations, are added dimensions to the security challenges, which are stretching the nation to its limits, sometimes constitute a great threat to the very  fabric of its existence. (Abimbola and Adesote 2012)

A number of analysts have variously attributed the disturbing trend to political dissatisfaction, ethnic and religious differences, perceived societal neglect and pervasive poverty among the people.

However, the outbreak of Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria marked yet another phase in the recurring pattern that violent uprising, riots and disturbances have become in Nigeria. Given the heterogeneous nature of the Nigerian society, the religious sensitivity of Nigerians, and the prolonged military rule that ended with the advent of civil rule in 1999, the situation could perhaps not have been different. But what is alarming is the forceful attempt by religious fundamentalist to impose a religious ideology on a constitutionally recognized secular society (Nwogu 2012:43).

Boko Haram poses an enormous and complex threat to national security and not only has it been inimical to human security, economic development and political stability, it has also portends harmful ramifications for the corporate existence of Nigeria. Thus, it could be argued that it is the governments’ inability to efficiently address poverty and unemployment and other social malaise inimical to the good life that have combined to create an environment in which religious sects like the Boko Haram flourished. Some cases, the situations had gotten worse. There is massive poverty; lack of access to educational opportunities, unemployment and ignorance due to limited educational opportunities; and government corruption, including misuse of resources, by which the people were repulsed. (Usman 1987, Ale 2009)

In this direction, the maintenance of law and order in Nigeria has been very challenging to the extent that the ability to manage internal security by security agencies is being doubted by the citizenry. The government which is constitutionally charged to provide security and ensure the welfare of all persons within the polity has although, taken some steps to address these emerging trends of violence and suicide bombings that pose major challenges to security in Nigeria but these efforts have not proven effective. Security is said to mean the quality or state of being secured. It implies freedom from danger, freedom from fear or anxiety and freedom from the prospect of being laid off. Security from these perspective is holistic and encapsulates the total well being of a person in persons (Nwogu 2012)

It is against this background that this research is anchored to investigate the origin, ideology and activities of the dreaded Boko Haram sect and its effects on the management of security in Nigeria. The research will also examine the response of the Nigeria government to the threat posed by Boko Haram with a view to suggest possible solutions/strategies to address the scourge.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Currently, the issue of Boko Haram cannot be over-looked, particularly as it has become one of the greatest threats to government in Nigeria. The activities of the group threaten the fabrics of Nigeria and are capable of disintegrating the country.

It is pertinent to state that Boko Haram has taken a new dimension and has continued to improve on the methods of attacking their targets. It has advanced from the stages of assassination, gunpowder plot to that of bomb-planting explosive attacks, suicide bombing, sporadic shooting in busy areas, including schools, supermarkets, religious places and more recently kidnapping e.g. the kidnap incident of the Chibok school girls that attracted the attention of the international community.