THE ROLE OF TELEVISION IN THE POLITICAL MOBILIZATION OF RURAL AREAS IN NIGERIA (CASE STUDY OF NJIKOKA L.G.A)

ABSTRACT

This study is geared towards finding out the role of television in political mobilization of rural areas in Nigeria with special reference to Njikoka Local Government . For this study, five rural towns in Njikoka Local government Area were studied.

The important of television as the most mobilization media of mass communication is universally acknowledge, the use of television is limited because of some factors that militate against its full utilization, such as high cost of television, maintenance cost and power supply. Most rural communities   are not connected to the electricity. Non availability of television has made some rural communities to resort to the old traditional methods of transmitting information which is counter productive and mockery of democracy, especially now that we are at the stage of entering into the new century.

Television has the advantage of audio and visual facilities, hearing and seeing makes for a lasting impression. Political and   governments could exploit television to get across their political activities and agenda to the people politician could use it to market their political, ideologies, programmes   and by so doing, win followers and supports through creating awareness and political enlightenment in Nigeria.

This project is a survey research and primary source of data collection for the study in the questionnaire which is formed from three main research question. The researcher made use of oral interview also to get across to the illiterate dwellers also to get balanced data and ensure credibility’s, reliability of information supplied.

Data collected were analysed and interpreted. The finding reveal that the impact of television in not yet fully and enjoyed by many in Njikoka zone because of the high cost of television and lack of electricity supply for those who own TC sets. In this democratic era, rural, dwellers needs political, education, awareness and enlightenment. The government should therefore do something to improve the economy of the nation to enable may to be position to own T.V sets. They should also embark on rural electrification and political education. Ministry of information and that of public utilities should consider the possibility of providing and developing rural television viewing centres for the general public.

Adult services should be encouraged and established in rural communities to eradicate illiteracy.

Television authorities should run more programmes to carry rural dwellers along. The researcher hoped that the suggestions would enhance political mobilization and public enlightenment.

CHAPTER ONE

                        INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This study will delve into an in-depth appraisal of role of television in the political mobilization of rural area in Nigeria. However, the Nigeria Electorate in recent years has always been in intensely individualistic group. Hence political parties will always confront profound culture differences. Given the cultural structure of the Nigerian electorate, the important of television programmes cannot be overemphasized. The role of television in political mobilization in the annulled 1993 presidential is one of   the greatest challenges facing the electorate especially those in the rural areas. This also is a typical case of election malpractices that have been the lot of Nigeria elections.

Television on it’s own part is an electronic gadgets wit the combination of sound and pictures. It is mot effective spontaneous message carrier of our time. Its conciseness brings to the masses especially the rural dwellers in on the spot account of the event making it number one when compared to any other medium. Admittedly television may be expensive as to have it in every home or to be affordable to most people in the rural areas but when its ability to satisfy curiosity by allowing you see for yourself is not just an overstatement. Again its ability to disseminate information in our various dialects also serves as atomic to language barrier. Television as an integral part of the fourth estate of the realm, is expected as usual to play its traditional role as a watchdog of the society and as agent of change and innovations. In rural areas advertisement role on political trend aspirant responsiveness to the medium has become a major feature of campaigns for public office at national state and local government level. Most rural dwellers are known to be financially poor because of their low education status and cannot afford television sets. This has often been a problem to efficient and effective use of television in achieving political mobilization in the rural area. All things being equal, the term, television and political mobilization refers to all kinds of political services rendered to the populace to bring about information, Education, entertainment and influence in the rural dwellers. Apart from the general rile, it enhance and encourage through its various programmes the acquisition and pursuit of knowledge thereby promoting national consciousness and acts as a powerful means of social mobilization.

1. USES OF TELEVISION: Television has many uses other than broadcasting programmes at the home. For example, school, businesses, hospitals and many other Organizations use closed circuit television. In closed circuit Television, signal are set by way of wire to only certain television sets rather to all sets within the area that broadcast signals could reach. Since the late 1970s, such equipments as video cassette record, video dis players and personal computers have changed the way people use television in their homes. For example, television sets may be used for such purposes as playing electronic games and receiving televised information services, documentaries, discussion or talk shows and all kinds of sports events. Considering the fact that television is not only the means of communication let us have an overview of the various media of communication.
2. ASSESSMENT OF THE VARIOUS MEDIA :-Radio, Television magazine, pamphlets, posters, brochures and audio – visual aids are important media for conveying information simultaneously to a large population. They easily open the eyes of the people to the fact of mobilization. Radio especially, can reach people and be effectively used in many countries as instrument mobilizing communication. Television with its sight and sound characteristics can create insight which radio cannot. But Television has its limitations, its use is hampered by its very cast, only very few rural folks can afford the luxury of buying sets.

According to Rogers and Shoemaker, less reliance on mass media channels in less developed nations may be attributed to

Low literacy

Lack of relevance of messages in the mass media channels that do exist (Op.cit, p.258) An overview of this assessment reveals to us that upon the benefits according to each of these media, there are still loopholes which stop them from doing perfectly the work for they are meant for considering these loopholes, one may be tempted to ask what is the future of television.

iii.     THE FUTURE OF TELEVISION:- The future of the television will be one of the constant and somewhat unpredictable change. The zapper, the hand-held remote control or changing the channel for muting the sound or changing the channel without leaving the chair or couch will continue to trouble advertisers and they will actively explore alternative media. Another aspect of television feature is that it is too difficult to predict its technology.

Looming on the horizon are a number of technology systems that will vastly extend the number of choices viewers will be able to make their homes. These includes a number of new ways of deliver. The signal via optic   cables and telephone lines. Other innovations will enlarge and clarify the picture that viewers see.

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