The roles of central bank of Nigeria and merchant banks in financial international trade in Nigeria.

A case study of CBN Enugu. And crown merchant bank Benin.

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ABSTRACT

In classical economic theory, trading is good for you. You are better off concentrating on producing and selling the commodities for the production of which you have a comparative advantage and buying from others those commodities you need which they can produce relatively more cheaply.

 

This through the market mechanism, a high level of output of goods and services is attained and shared to the benefits of energy participant in the transaction. As with individuals, so with nations.

 

In Nigeria, international trade has contributed a lot of the country’s infrastructural and manpower development. It therefore becomes necessary to look at the central bank of Nigeria and the merchant banks and their contribution towards financing international trade in Nigeria, with a case study of CBN Enugu, and crown merchant bank Benin.

 

In this work, the key features of international trade are enumerated and well analyzed. This work went a long way in attempting to see the specific roles played by merchant banks and central bank of Nigeria in financing international in Nigeria.

 

This work is structure into five chapters the basic highest of all the chapters can be summarized as follows:

1. Introduction to the research mark.
2. International trade in Nigeria, its feature benefits and constraint.
3. Research methodology, analysis of data findings.
4. Historical background, function and structure of the banks.

 

This work opens with the introduction and definition of international trade, aims of study, scope and limitation, and the significance of the study. The literature are viewed which focuses on international trade in Nigeria is contained in chapter Two. Topics of varying nature and included here, among them are: Nigeria banking system, benefits of international trade, trade restriction, balance payment and Nigeria foreign trade. Chapter three looks at the research methodology and analysis of its findings. The historical background, structure, functions of central bank is highlighted in chapter four. This in charge their roles in international trade.

 

This work is concluded in chapter five with observation and recommendation.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

Chapter ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
• AIMS OF THE STUDY
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE AND LIMITATION
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MERCHANT BANKING IN NIGERIA

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

• NIGERIAN BANKING SYSTEM

2.2 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES IN NIGERIA

2.3  BALANCING OF PAYMENT AND NIGERIAN FOREIGN TRADE

2.4  RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA’S BALANCE OF PAYMENT

2.5   PRINCIPLE OF COMPARATIVE COST

2.6   TRADE RESTRICTIONS

2.7 INTERNATIONAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF THE NIGERIA ECONOMY

2.8   THE BENEFIT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2.9   FUNCTIONS OF MERCHANT BANKS

2.10  FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL BANK OD NIGERIA

2.11 THE ROLE OF THE MERCHANT BANKS IN FINANCING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NIGERIA

2.12 THE ROLES OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA IN FINANCING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NIGERIA

2.13   INSTRUMENTS OF FOREIGN PAYMENT

2.14   SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW

2.15 SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE.

CHAPTER THREE

3.1   METHODOLOGY

3.2   SAMPLING PROCEDURES

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1   ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

4.2   QUESTIONNAIRES

CHAPTER FIVE

 5.1   SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

5.2   recommendationS

• CONCLUSION

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1          INTRODUCTION

The role of international in the acceleration of political and socio – economic development of any nation deserves a good study. The term international trade refers to the trading operation conducted beyond national boundaries otherwise called export and import. It enables one country t have access to those commodities they could not possible produce themselves. Thus a country is able to shift its industry to those products and services for which its resources are most suitable exporting its resources in exchange for the specially of other countries.

Currently in Nigeria, the export growth rate is shown and correctly perceived as a major ousted to accelerated development and in other to avert this, virile export oriented strategies should be evolued. The import and export sector of any economy has to be nurtured, protected and promoted to enhance its positive and meaningful contributions to the survival of the economic system. Apart from government incentives, private and public companies, assistance and specialized financial institutional support, banking institutions play vital roles in financing international trade. As a result of this, it becomes necessary to study the roles of merchant banks and central bank of Nigeria in financing this international trade in Nigeria.

The central bank stored as the apex of the banking system of every country. It is the government representatives in the banking sector and acts mainly as banker to the government.

It acts as banker and adviser to the federal government banks, merchant banks and other financial institutions. It also has the monopoly of issuing legal tender currency in Nigeria and materials external reserves in order to safeguard the international value of the currency, promote monetary stability and sound financial structure.

In relation to international trade the central bank determines what and how much to approve in the areas within its justification such as payment for visible and invisible imports and controls in inflow of foreign exchange earnings from export. It processes exchange control application and makes foreign exchange allocation to qualifying applicants, assist in the monitoring and in the formulation of policies designed to ensure the optimum employment and conservation of the country’s foreign exchange earnings.

Apart from the rules played by the central bank in the international trade, there are two other licensed banks that supplement its rates. The commercial bank and the merchant banks. The commercial banks are referred to as retail banks because of the nature of their operations. They operate through a network of branches throughout the country and have board deposit base. That is the commercial banks accepts deposits from all and not from a particular sources (The deposits are usually called demand deposits).

The second category of the licensed banks is the merchant banks, which are wholesale bankers in the sense that their deposits are usually in very large blocks. They operated from few branches in the commercial centers of this country. They also accept deposits from the public and private co-operations as well as wealthy individuals; their functions include medium and long-term financing, investment. Management, management of unit trust, debt factories equipment leasing and issuing and acceptance of bills of exchange.

As regards international trade the merchant banks have acquired a reputation for fa